{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T02:40:46Z","timestamp":1785897646225,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"PCORI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FDA"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018696","name":"Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["T32GM103730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM103730"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001502","name":"Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001502","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01DA057943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA057943"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01DA058640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA058640"]}]},{"name":"CDC"},{"name":"SAHMSA\/Michigan Department of Health and Human Service"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite clear evidence of treatment gaps for opioid use disorder (OUD) among the general population, diagnosis and treatment patterns among surgical patients remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to examine national trends in OUD diagnosis and exposure to treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among US surgical patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population-based cohort study used the Merative MarketScan Commercial Database from July 1, 2016 to December 31, 2022. US adults aged 18\u201364 years undergoing inpatient or outpatient surgery were included. OUD was identified using International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision codes. MOUD receipt was defined as 1+pharmacy\u2009or medical claims for buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone within 180 days before surgery. Multivariate logistic regression assessed trends in OUD and MOUD receipt, adjusting for patient, surgical, and clinical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 5\u2009341\u2009768 surgical patients (62.5% female), 31\u2009094 (0.58%) had an OUD diagnosis. The prevalence of OUD declined from 0.71% in 2016 to 0.50% in 2022. Among patients with OUD, the proportion receiving MOUD in the 6\u2009months before surgery increased from 17.8% to 32.6% over the study period. The corresponding treatment gap in MOUD receipt decreased from 82.2% in 2016 to 67.4% in 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this national cohort of commercially insured surgical patients, most individuals diagnosed with OUD did not receive evidence-based treatment before surgery, despite modest improvements over time. These findings highlight a persistent treatment gap and suggest missed opportunities to improve perioperative care and outcomes for patients with OUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2026-107625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T17:45:20Z","timestamp":1773942320000},"page":"rapm-2026-107625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment gaps for opioid use disorder among commercially insured US surgical patients, 2016\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0516-9257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany A","family":"Ervin-Sikhondze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3790-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thuy","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Lagisetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Opioid Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsou-Mei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Overdose Prevention Engagement Network, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F","family":"Waljee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Overdose Prevention Engagement Network, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Indiana University Health Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad M","family":"Brummett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Opioid Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Overdose Prevention Engagement Network, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Opioid Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9406-5953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark C","family":"Bicket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Overdose Prevention Engagement Network, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031910451086000_rapm-2026-107625v1.1","unstructured":"CDC . U.S. Overdose deaths decrease almost 27% in 2024. 2025. 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Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: results from the 2021 national survey on drug use and health. 2022. Available: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/ files\/ reports\/ rpt39443 \/2021NSDUHFFRRev010323.pdf [Accessed 24 Jul 2025]."},{"key":"2026031910451086000_rapm-2026-107625v1.15","unstructured":"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) study. 2024. 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