{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:17:11Z","timestamp":1788383831456,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine whether characterisation of patients' metabolic profiles, utilising nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), could predict response to rituximab therapy. 23 patients with active, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on concomitant methotrexate were treated with rituximab. Patients were grouped into responders and non-responders according to the American College of Rheumatology improvement criteria, at a 20% level at 6\u2005months. A Bruker Avance 700\u2005MHz spectrometer and a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer were used to acquire <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H-NMR and ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC)\u2013MS\/MS spectra, respectively, of serum samples before and after rituximab therapy. Data processing and statistical analysis were performed in MATLAB. 14 patients were characterised as responders, and 9 patients were considered non-responders. 7 polar metabolites (phenylalanine, 2-hydroxyvalerate, succinate, choline, glycine, acetoacetate and tyrosine) and 15 lipid species were different between responders and non-responders at baseline. Phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidyserines and phosphatidylglycerols were downregulated in responders. An opposite trend was observed in phosphatidylinositols. At 6\u2005months, 5 polar metabolites (succinate, taurine, lactate, pyruvate and aspartate) and 37 lipids were different between groups. The relationship between serum metabolic profiles and clinical response to rituximab suggests that <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H-NMR and UPLC\u2013MS\/MS may be promising tools for predicting response to rituximab.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T22:39:28Z","timestamp":1471387168000},"page":"e000289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Metabolomic profiling predicts outcome of rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00147966","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Shannon R","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Kavanaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Lodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Tiziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Guma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.04.002"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37921"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.134"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01661"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545493","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/545493","article-title":"Cytokines as biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2014","author":"Burska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013713905833"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/4551054a"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1562"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.9","first-page":"S416","article-title":"Targeting glycolysis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Guma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37743"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.1"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo3030552"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/14796694.4.1.93"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2014.08.006"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082859"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004251"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3162","article-title":"Choline metabolism in malignant transformation","volume":"11","author":"Glunde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serkova NJ , Glunde K . Metabolomics of cancer. Tumor biomarker discovery. Springer, 2009:273\u201395.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-811-9_20"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2015.07.014"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cuperlovi\u0107-Culf M . NMR metabolomics in cancer research. Elsevier, 2012.","DOI":"10.1533\/9781908818263"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.12.121"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097501"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38053"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3243"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00422"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.26","first-page":"1614","article-title":"Critical role of glucose metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"68","author":"Garcia-Carbonell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.27","first-page":"240","article-title":"Synovial fluid metabolomics in different forms of arthritis assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"30","author":"H\u00fcgle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.074229"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380107"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056422"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-011-0347-7"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2008.01.037"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.81396"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-366"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl923"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1076"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800095-JLR200"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0208-162"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000179845.53213.39"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040096"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv380"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2390\/biecoll-jib-2010-112"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.148015"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.3.1521","article-title":"Regulation of cytokines, cytokine inhibitors, and acute-phase proteins following anti-TNF-alpha therapy in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"163","author":"Charles","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2706"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.46","first-page":"887","article-title":"Combination of B cell biomarkers as independent predictors of response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with rituximab","volume":"33","author":"Tony","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27702"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3506-3"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206618"},{"key":"2025090312414096000_2.2.e000289.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3314"}],"container-title":["RMD Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T19:41:48Z","timestamp":1756928508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rmdopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000289","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-5933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-5933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}}}