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Recent studies show an increased prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in JDM and DM\/PM, which need attention. The risk of developing atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is increased twofold to fourfold in DM\/PM. New and improved diagnostic methods have in recent studies in PM\/DM and JDM demonstrated a high prevalence of subclinical cardiac involvement, especially diastolic dysfunction. Interactions between proinflammatory cytokines and traditional risk factors might contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction. Heart involvement could also be related to myocarditis and\/or myocardial fibrosis, leading to arrhythmias and congestive heart failure, demonstrated both in adult and juvenile IIM. Also, reduced heart rate variability (a known risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality) has been shown in long-standing JDM. Until more information is available, patients with IIM should follow the same recommendations for cardiovascular risk stratification and prevention as for the corresponding general population, but be aware that statins might worsen muscle symptoms mimicking myositis relapse. On the basis of recent studies, we recommend a low threshold for cardiac workup and follow-up in patients with IIM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T21:31:02Z","timestamp":1475011862000},"page":"e000291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Cardiac involvement in adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital-Ullev\u00e5l and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise 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