{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:02:58Z","timestamp":1790308978237,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The strong genetic association between HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis has been known for over 40 years. HLA-B27 positivity is possibly associated with severity of ankylosis. We studied the in vitro and in vivo impact of HLA-B27 in models of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Different in vitro differentiation systems were used to mimic endochondral and direct bone formation. ATDC5 cells and primary human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) were transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing HLA-B27 or HLA-B7. These cells and limb bud cells (from HLA-B27 transgenic and wild-type (WT) mice) were cultured in micromasses. To study direct osteogenesis in hPDCs, cells were cultured as monolayers and stimulated with osteogenic media. Chondrogenesis (<jats:italic>COL2<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ACAN<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>COL10<\/jats:italic>) and osteogenesis (<jats:italic>OSC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ALP<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RUNX2<\/jats:italic>) marker expression was studied by quantitative RT-PCR. Colorimetric tests were performed to measure proteoglycans, mineralization and collagens. Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced in HLA-B27 transgenic and WT mice. Clinical scoring and \u00b5CTs were performed. Statistical analyses were performed by two-way ANOVA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was no difference in chondrogenesis markers or in colorimetric tests between HLA-B27<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and HLA-B7<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> micromasses. Expression of osteogenesis markers and Alizarin red staining was comparable in the HLA-B27<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and the HLA-B7<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> hPDCs in monolayers. HLA-B27 transgenic mice showed more severe arthritis compared with WT mice in the CAIA model. \u00b5CT analysis showed no increased bone formation in HLA-B27 transgenic mice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HLA-B27 seems to enhance joint inflammation in the CAIA model. We could not document a direct effect of HLA-B27 on chondrogenesis or osteogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]],"date-time":"2017-06-29T20:10:56Z","timestamp":1498767056000},"page":"e000451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["No evidence for a direct role of HLA-B27 in pathological bone formation in axial SpA"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Neerinckx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Kollnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford University, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"Lories","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.124206"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2642"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2006.03.002"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197304052881403"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91360-3"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00865.x"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112110"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204055"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100094"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33465"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200411"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2014.10.008","article-title":"Bone formation in axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"28","author":"Lories","year":"2014","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3695"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1928::AID-ART331>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"2025090313075938000_3.1.e000451.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.11.4020","article-title":"HLA-B27 in inbred and non-inbred transgenic mice. 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