{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T01:05:20Z","timestamp":1770339920276,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To report novel ultrasound (US) references for the healthy paediatric wrist.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Healthy children and adolescents had an US examination including Doppler, of the right wrist, using a mid-sagittal image through the radiocarpal (RC)\/midcarpal (MC) joints. These features were noted: appearances and depth of the recess, with an additional measurement in the flexed position and number of Doppler signals within the recess in close proximity to the joint. In a second, blinded session, all images were reassessed by the same observer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 116 subjects (59 girls) aged 6\u201316 years (mean 10 years and 11 months) were included. The RC recess was visible in 71, of which 60 were non-bulging and 11 were bulging. In flexion, the thickness decreased in 60 (84.5%), suggestive of joint fluid. Of the 54 visible MC recesses, 45 (83.3%) thinned in flexion. The mean depths of the RC and MC recesses were 0.4\u2009mm (SD 0.5, range 0\u20132.9) and 0.5\u2009mm (SD 0.6, range 0\u20132.4), respectively, with no differences according to sex, but with increasing depths by age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>For the RC joints, at least one Doppler signal was seen in the recess in 9\/116 joints (7.8%), whereas this was true for 3.5% of the MC recesses. There were no statistically significant association between the depth of the RC or MC recesses and number of hand active sport activities (P=0.733\u2009and P=0.091, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The appearances of the dorsal RC and MC recesses in healthy children may mimic pathology. Hence, findings should be interpreted carefully.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]],"date-time":"2018-03-10T20:10:16Z","timestamp":1520712616000},"page":"e000642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Normative ultrasound references for the paediatric wrist; dorsal soft tissues"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Rosendahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, K1, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingvild S\u00e6vold","family":"Bruserud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, K2, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ninnie","family":"Oehme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, K2, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9tur Benedikt","family":"J\u00fal\u00edusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, K2, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura Tanturri de","family":"Horatio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lil-Sofie Ording","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Intervention, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Magni-Manzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Rheumatology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0291"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60363-8"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874312901105010100"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.161","article-title":"Synovial tissue research: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"13","author":"Orr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.210.2.r99fe52499"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01356823"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-111596","article-title":"Arthrosonographic reference values of the shoulder joint in healthy children and adolescents: a cross-sectional multicentre ultrasound study","volume":"229","author":"Trauzeddel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22670","article-title":"Toward standardized musculoskeletal ultrasound in pediatric rheumatology: normal age-related ultrasound findings","volume":"68","author":"Collado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22410"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n\/a","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21644","article-title":"Is ultrasound a validated imaging tool for the diagnosis and management of synovitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis? A systematic literature review","volume":"64","author":"Collado","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-017-3934-6","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging of synovial inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"47","author":"Chauvin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.135244"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.13","first-page":"915","article-title":"Assessment of the joint recesses and tendon sheaths in healthy children by high-resolution B-mode and power Doppler sonography","volume":"25","author":"Collado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2014.970740","article-title":"Sonographic measurements of low-echoic synovial area in the dorsal aspect of metatarsophalangeal joints in healthy subjects","volume":"25","author":"Hiraga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17263","article-title":"Joint Fluid, bone marrow edemalike changes, and ganglion cysts in the pediatric wrist: features that may mimic pathologic abnormalities-follow-up of a healthy cohort","volume":"208","author":"Avenarius","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-011-1283-3"},{"key":"2025090312095651000_4.1.e000642.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Windschall D , Collado P , Vojinovic J , et al . 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