{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T17:26:43Z","timestamp":1757611603702,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the occurrence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-related sick leave (SL) over 6 12 years and explore factors predicting first and recurrent SL.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from employed patients from the Outcome in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Study were used. At each visit, patients indicated the occurrence of SL (yes\/no) in the previous inter-assessment period. Cox regressions predicted a first episode of SL. Generalised estimating equations (GEE) explored the association between SL and (time-lagged) predictors. To investigate whether SL predicts new SL, SL in the first year was included as covariate in a separate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>139 patients (76% males, mean (SD) age 38.7 (10.0) years) were at risk for SL for an average period of 7.9 years, of whom 88 (63%) reported any SL. In both the Cox baseline predictors model (HR (95% \u2009CI)) and the time-varying GEE models (OR (95% \u2009CI)), AS Disease Activity Score (1.67, 1.23 to 2.28 (HR); 1.48, 1.07 to 2.03 (OR)); Bath AS Disease Activity Index (1.33, 1.18 to 1.51 (HR); 1.31, 1.15 to 1.49 (OR)), Bath AS Functional Index (1.17, 1.02 to 1.34 (HR); 1.31, 1.16 to 1.47 (OR)) and comorbidity at baseline (GEE only, 1.52, 1.00 to 2.29 (OR)) were associated with SL in separate models, but only in patients with low educational attainment. SL in the first year was an independent predictor of SL over time (OR: 2.62 to 8.37 in different models, all p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disease activity and physical function predicted first and recurrent SL, but only in patients with low educational attainment. Prior SL results in future SL, and SL should therefore be a signal for support to prevent future adverse work outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T06:05:12Z","timestamp":1543385112000},"page":"e000766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sick leave and its predictors in ankylosing spondylitis: long-term results from the Outcome in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Casper","family":"Webers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Ramiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Landew\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5781-158X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9e","family":"van der Heijde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filip","family":"van den Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital and University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Dougados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Paris Descartes University and Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of INSERM (U1153): Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cit\u00e9, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"van Tubergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"Boonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.116764"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000680","article-title":"Employment and the role of personal factors among patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a Dutch cross-sectional case-control study","volume":"4","author":"Webers","year":"2018","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq131"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100686"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22730"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken497"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100099"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970510034422"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22253","article-title":"Understanding presenteeism in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: contributing factors and association with sick leave","volume":"66","author":"Gordeev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330712"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2010.487838"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002231","article-title":"Is the work ability index useful to evaluate absence days in ankylosing spondylitis patients? A cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Meyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.13","first-page":"315","article-title":"Risk factors for work disability in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"28","author":"Ward","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.14","unstructured":"Organization WH . International classification of functioning, disability and health. ICF: World Health Organization, 2001."},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22573","article-title":"Importance of contextual factors when measuring work outcome in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review by the OMERACT Worker productivity group","volume":"67","author":"Stolwijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2007.06.002"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket354"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.19","first-page":"2286","article-title":"A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index","volume":"21","author":"Garrett","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.094870"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.21","first-page":"2281","article-title":"A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index","volume":"21","author":"Calin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.1.66"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.074724"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.24","first-page":"1694","article-title":"Defining spinal mobility in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The Bath AS Metrology Index","volume":"21","author":"Jenkinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.020503"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4144"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204055"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133488"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.29","first-page":"35","article-title":"Which workers smoke?","volume":"10","author":"Gaudette","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.30","first-page":"425","article-title":"Job demands and health complaints in white and blue collar workers","volume":"31","author":"Schreuder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.030759"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.150037"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.5.429"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000161484.89398.48"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqn040"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqq181"},{"key":"2025090313510574000_4.2.e000766.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(99)00452-9"}],"container-title":["RMD Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T20:51:13Z","timestamp":1756932673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rmdopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000766","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-5933"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2056-5933"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}}}