{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:22:43Z","timestamp":1790468563723,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013-0194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013-0194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002706","name":"AFA F\u00f6rs\u00e4kring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["120299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002706","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Airborne agents including cigarette smoke associate with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We analysed to which extent occupational exposure to asbestos and silica confers an increased risk of developing serologically defined subsets of RA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This Swedish population-based case-control study enrolled incident RA cases between 1996 and 2013 (n=11\u2009285), identified through national public authority and quality registers, as well as from the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) Study. Controls (n=1\u200915\u2009249) were randomly selected from Sweden\u2019s population register and matched on sex, age, index year and county. Occupational histories were obtained from national censuses. Exposure to asbestos and silica was assessed by job-exposure matrices. Logistic regression was used to calculate ORs adjusted for age, sex, county, index year, alcohol use and smoking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Results showed that male workers exposed to asbestos had higher risk of seropositive RA (OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.4) and seronegative RA (OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.5) compared with unexposed workers. The risk was highest among workers exposed to asbestos from 1970, before a national ban was introduced. Male workers exposed to silica also had higher risk of RA (seropositive RA: OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.6; seronegative RA: OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.5). For the largest subset, seropositive RA, the OR increased with the number of years exposed to silica, up to OR=2.3 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.8, p for trend &lt;0.0001). Women overall had lower ORs than men, but the duration and intensity of their exposure were lower.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In conclusion, we observed an association between asbestos exposure and risk of developing RA and extended previous findings of an association between silica exposure and RA risk, where a dose-response relationship was observed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2019-000978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T05:35:18Z","timestamp":1562909718000},"page":"e000978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Occupational exposure to asbestos and silica and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: findings from a Swedish population-based case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0139-1405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Translational Epidemiology, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Klareskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saedis","family":"Saevarsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Translational Epidemiology, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pernilla","family":"Wiebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Occupational Medicine, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Askling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Rheumatology, Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Gustavsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Occupational Medicine, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Alfredsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Translational Epidemiology, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090312411866000_5.2.e000978.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.115"},{"key":"2025090312411866000_5.2.e000978.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21575"},{"key":"2025090312411866000_5.2.e000978.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Giuseppe D , Discacciati A , Orsini N , et al . 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