{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:55:50Z","timestamp":1790873750855,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although autoantibodies are an important hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), most are not specific for SLE or any of its clinical manifestations. Autoantibodies against post-translationally modified (PTM) proteins have been studied extensively in rheumatoid arthritis and associate with disease progression. While PTMs have also been detected in patients with SLE, studies on anti-PTM antibodies remain scarce. We studied the presence of anti-PTM antibodies in SLE and neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), a manifestation that lacks serological markers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IgG antibody responses against six PTMs (malondialdehyde\u2013acetaldehyde adducts (MAA), advanced glycation end-products (AGE), carbamylation (CarP), citrullination, acetylation and nitration) were tested using ELISA in sera of 349 patients with SLE (mean age 44\u00b113 years; 87% female) and compared with 108 healthy controls. Levels and positivity were correlated with clinical features and SLE manifestations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anti-MAA, anti-AGE and anti-CarP antibodies were more prevalent in SLE compared with controls (MAA: 29% vs 3%, AGE: 18% vs 4%, CarP: 14% vs 5%, all p\u22640.0001). Anti-MAA and anti-AGE antibodies correlated with clinical manifestations and serological inflammatory markers. Patients with major NPSLE showed higher positivity of anti-MAA (39% vs 24%, p=0.01) and anti-CarP antibodies (20% vs 11%, p=0.04) than patients without major NPSLE. In addition, anti-PTM antibody levels correlated with brain volumes, an objective measure of nervous system involvement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In our NPSLE cohort, a subset of patients with SLE have anti-PTM antibodies against MAA, AGE and CarP modified proteins. Interestingly, anti-MAA and anti-CarP were more prevalent in NPSLE, a manifestation for which no biomarkers exist.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T14:50:22Z","timestamp":1652194222000},"page":"e002079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Autoantibodies against specific post-translationally modified proteins are present in patients with lupus and associate with major neuropsychiatric manifestations"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2561-7085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rory C","family":"Monahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The 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