{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:10:52Z","timestamp":1790629852307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Word Scleroderma Foundation","award":["0000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasound is a promising tool to foster much-needed improvement of skin assessment in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Our aim was to develop evidence and expert opinion-based recommendations to promote the standardisation and harmonisation of technical execution and reporting of skin ultrasound studies in SSc.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A multidisciplinary task force of 16 members from five European countries and Japan was convened under the auspices of World Scleroderma Foundation. First, a systematic literature review (SLR) was performed. Then, each member proposed and formulated items to the overarching principles, recommendations and research agenda. Two rounds of mails exchange for consensus as well as an on-line meeting were performed to debate and refine the proposals. Two Delphi rounds of voting resulted in the final recommendations. Levels of evidence and strengths of recommendations were assigned, and task force members voted anonymously on the level of agreement with each of the items.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five overarching principles and seven recommendations were developed, based on an SLR and expert opinion, through consensus procedures. The overarching principles highlight the promising role of skin ultrasound in SSc assessment, the need for standardisation of technical aspects, sufficient training and adequate equipment. The recommendations provide standards for the execution and reporting of skin ultrasound in SSc. The research agenda includes the need for more research into unmet needs according to Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Algorithm requirements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These are the first recommendations providing guidance on the execution and reporting of skin ultrasound in SSc patients, aiming at improving the interpretability, reliability and generalisability of skin ultrasound, thus consolidating its role in research and practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T11:46:12Z","timestamp":1658144772000},"page":"e002371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Recommendations for the execution and reporting of skin ultrasound in systemic sclerosis: an international collaboration under the WSF skin ultrasound group"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Santiago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0557-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Jos\u00e9 Ferreira","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICiSA:E), Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Ruaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4141-6937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Lepri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Wildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Lescoat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes 1, Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Hesselstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"del Galdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"},{"name":"Scleroderma Programme, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D","family":"Pauling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust, Bath, UK"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy Jean","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scleroderma and Raynaud's, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonieta","family":"D'Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9324-3161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Matucci-Cerinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5592-724X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annamaria","family":"Iagnocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Rheumatology Centre, Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Tourin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2782-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Antonio Pereira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Rheumatology, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090312225829000_8.2.e002371.1","first-page":"iii14","article-title":"Skin disease: a cardinal feature of systemic sclerosis","volume":"48 Suppl 3","author":"Krieg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2025090312225829000_8.2.e002371.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200011)43:11<2445::AID-ANR11>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"2025090312225829000_8.2.e002371.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5301\/jsrd.5000231","article-title":"Standardization of the modified rodnan skin score for use in clinical trials of systemic sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Khanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Scleroderma Relat Disord"},{"key":"2025090312225829000_8.2.e002371.4","first-page":"1630","article-title":"Current status of outcome measure development for clinical trials in systemic sclerosis. report from OMERACT 6","volume":"30","author":"Merkel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312225829000_8.2.e002371.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30318-0","article-title":"Tocilizumab in systemic sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"8","author":"Khanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2025090312225829000_8.2.e002371.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41055","article-title":"Abatacept in early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis: results of a phase IIinvestigator-initiated, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Khanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312225829000_8.2.e002371.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23597","article-title":"Ultrasonography for the assessment of skin in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Santiago","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2025090312225829000_8.2.e002371.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael Hughes CB , Cuomo G , Sedie AD . 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