{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:12:39Z","timestamp":1792692759316,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667433600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014034","name":"Foundation for Research in Rheumatology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008368","name":"Gigtforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R151-A4623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R151-A4623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008368","name":"Gigtforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R161-A5262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R161-A5262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008368","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004785","name":"NordForsk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the risk of pre-eclampsia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), focusing on the impact of treatment and disease activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified RA, AxSpA and PsA singleton pregnancies (2006\u20132018) by linking medical birth registers to Swedish (SRQ) and Danish (DANBIO) rheumatology registers. Control pregnancies from the medical birth registers were matched 1:10 on maternal age, parity and birth year.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We obtained information on antirheumatic treatment before and during pregnancy and disease activity during pregnancy. Risks of pre-eclampsia in RA, AxSpA and PsA pregnancies, compared with control pregnancies, were estimated overall and by antirheumatic treatment (conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)\/biological DMARD\/corticosteroids, as monotherapy or combination therapy) and disease load (Health Assessment Questionnaire\u22651\/C-reactive protein\u226510\/Disease Activity Score in 28 joints\u22653.2) through logistic regression (adjusted ORs (aORs) with 95%\u2009CI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed 69, 34, and 26 pre-eclampsia events among RA (n=1739), AxSpA (n=819) and PsA (n=489), resulting in a risk of pre-eclampsia of, respectively, aOR 1.27 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.67), 1.17 (0.76 to 1.78) and 1.85 (1.10 to 3.12), compared with controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p>For RA, maternal combination therapy before and during pregnancy was associated with increased risk (1.59; 1.07 to 2.37 and 1.53; 0.97 to 2.39, respectively). For PsA, maternal monotherapy before pregnancy was associated with pre-eclampsia (2.72; 1.4 to 5.13). In RA pregnancies with available information (43%), high disease load was associated with doubled risk of pre-eclampsia (aOR 1.96; 1.26 to 3.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PsA pregnancies, but not AxSpA pregnancies, were at increased risk of pre-eclampsia. For RA, combination therapy (potentially a surrogate for high disease activity both before and during pregnancy) and high disease load during pregnancy might be a risk factor for pre-eclampsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T15:13:24Z","timestamp":1667488404000},"page":"e002445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Risk of pre-eclampsia and impact of disease activity and antirheumatic treatment in women with rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondylarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: a collaborative matched cohort study from Sweden and Denmark"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0541-0733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Emilie Pape","family":"Secher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Granath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8931-8482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bente","family":"Glintborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ane","family":"Rom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4229-6818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merete Lund","family":"Hetland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7149-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Hellgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022110308102902000_8.2.e002445.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1498835","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective population-based cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Aljary","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"2022110308102902000_8.2.e002445.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.105262"},{"key":"2022110308102902000_8.2.e002445.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15836","article-title":"Maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes in women with psoriatic arthritis: a Swedish nationwide cohort study","volume":"126","author":"Remaeus","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2022110308102902000_8.2.e002445.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2923","article-title":"Effect of maternal psoriasis on pregnancy and birth outcomes: a population-based cohort study from Denmark and Sweden","volume":"98","author":"Br\u00f6ms","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2022110308102902000_8.2.e002445.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207992"},{"key":"2022110308102902000_8.2.e002445.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02239.x"},{"key":"2022110308102902000_8.2.e002445.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hellgren K , Secher AE , Glintborg B . 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