{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:02:16Z","timestamp":1791223336849,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006254","name":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006254","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diagnosing peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) remains a significant challenge due to the lack of specific disease biomarkers and the overlap with other SpA subtypes, mainly psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which represents a diagnostic challenge particularly in the absence of skin psoriasis (PsA\n                    <jats:italic>sine psoriase<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). This narrative review aimed to compare the epidemiology, genetic susceptibility, pathophysiology, classification criteria, disease phenotype and burden, and therapeutic guidelines between patients diagnosed with pSpA and those with PsA\n                    <jats:italic>sine psoriase,<\/jats:italic>\n                    to determine if the two entities should be considered jointly or distinctly. Globally, pSpA appears to be more inclusive compared with PsA\n                    <jats:italic>sine psoriase<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Areas of similarities include age of onset, number of joints involved and prevalence of axial involvement. However, patients with pSpA have a male gender predominance, a higher prevalence of HLA-B27, enthesitis and involvement of large joints of the lower limbs, whereas patients with PsA\n                    <jats:italic>sine psoriase<\/jats:italic>\n                    have a higher prevalence HLA-Cw6, dactylitis and involvement of hand distal interphalangeal joints. Therefore, the difference between pSpA and PsA\n                    <jats:italic>sine psoriase<\/jats:italic>\n                    goes beyond semantics. The few dissimilarities should drive scientific efforts to reach a better characterisation of pSpA as an individual disease. Accordingly, randomised clinical trials should target patients with well-defined pSpA to identify effective therapies in this population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T11:47:57Z","timestamp":1667562477000},"page":"e002592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Peripheral spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis\n                    <i>sine psoriase<\/i>\n                    : are we dealing with semantics or clinically meaningful differences?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4479-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelly","family":"Ziade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotel-Dieu De France, Beirut, Lebanon"},{"name":"Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Bou Absi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xenofon","family":"Baraliakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090313100186000_8.2.e002592.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400195"},{"key":"2025090313100186000_8.2.e002592.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645"},{"key":"2025090313100186000_8.2.e002592.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39008","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of adalimumab in patients with nonpsoriatic peripheral spondyloarthritis","volume":"67","author":"Mease","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090313100186000_8.2.e002592.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210775"},{"key":"2025090313100186000_8.2.e002592.5","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of peripheral musculoskeletal manifestations in spondyloarthritis including psoriatic arthritis: results of the worldwide, cross-sectional ASAS-PerSpA study","volume":"7","author":"L\u00f3pez-Medina","year":"2021","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2025090313100186000_8.2.e002592.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1093-z","article-title":"Prevalence of peripheral and extra-articular disease in ankylosing spondylitis versus non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"de Winter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2025090313100186000_8.2.e002592.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.152012","article-title":"What is peripheral spondyloarthritis? 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