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We first explored the key pathogenic pathways of SjS through a bioinformatics approach, and then evaluated the diagnostic value of the important biomarker in SjS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcriptome data from non-SjS controls and patients with SjS were analysed using integrated bioinformatics methods. In a case\u2013control study, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins 1 (p-STAT1), a key biomarker for the activation of interferon (IFN) pathway, was selected to evaluate its diagnostic value by immunohistochemical analyses in salivary gland (SG) tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IFN-related pathways were aberrantly activated in patients with SjS. Positive staining of p-STAT1 was detected in the SjS group, but not in non-SjS control group. There was a significant difference in the integrated optical density values of p-STAT1 expressions between the controls and the SjS groups, as well as between the controls and the SjS lymphatic foci-negative groups (p&lt;0.05). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for p-STAT1 was 0.990 (95% CI 0.969 to 1.000). There was a significant difference in both accuracy and sensitivity of p-STAT1 compared with the Focus Score (p&lt;0.05). The Jorden index for p-STAT1 was 0.968 (95% CI 0.586 to 0.999).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The IFN pathway is the key pathogenic pathway in SjS. p-STAT1 may serve as an important biomarker, in addition to lymphocytic infiltration, to diagnose SjS. Particularly in SG samples with negative lymphatic foci, p-STAT1 confers pathological diagnostic value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T09:00:59Z","timestamp":1677488459000},"page":"e002694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins 1 in salivary glandular tissue: an important histological marker for diagnosis of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8839-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 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