{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:49:26Z","timestamp":1789001366088,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To develop evidence-based points to consider for cost-effective use of biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b\/tsDMARDs) in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, specifically rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Following EULAR procedures, an international task force was formed, consisting of 13 experts in rheumatology, epidemiology and pharmacology from seven European countries. Twelve strategies for cost-effective use of b\/tsDMARDs were identified through individual and group discussion. For each strategy, PubMed and Embase were systematically searched for relevant English-language systematic reviews and, for six strategies, additionally for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Thirty systematic reviews and 21 RCTs were included. Based on the evidence, a set of overarching principles and points to consider was formulated by the task force using a Delphi procedure. Level of evidence (1a\u20135) and grade (A\u2013D) were determined for each point to consider. Individual voting on the level of agreement (LoA; between 0 (completely disagree) and 10 (completely agree)) was performed anonymously.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The task force agreed on five overarching principles. For 10 of 12 strategies, the evidence was sufficient to formulate one or more points to consider, leading to 20 in total, regarding response prediction, drug formulary use, biosimilars, loading doses, low-dose initial therapy, concomitant conventional synthetic DMARD use, route of administration, medication adherence, disease activity\u2013guided dose optimisation and non-medical drug switching. Ten points to consider (50%) were supported by level 1 or 2 evidence. The mean LoA (SD) varied between 7.9 (1.2) and 9.8 (0.4).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These points to consider can be used in rheumatology practices and complement inflammatory rheumatic disease treatment guidelines to incorporate cost-effectiveness in b\/tsDMARD treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2022-002898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T06:21:18Z","timestamp":1678947678000},"page":"e002898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Points to consider for cost-effective use of biological and targeted synthetic DMARDs in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: results from an umbrella review and international Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2207-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9leste J T","family":"van der Togt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Van den Bemt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2108-0030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Aletaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3395-4412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rieke","family":"Alten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Rheumatology, Schlosspark-Klinik GmbH, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2669-1247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Chatzidionysiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1230-2781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, King's College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Isaac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4089-7513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Mulleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University of Tours, Tours, France"},{"name":"Service de Rhumatologie, CHRU Tours, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0340-3580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P","family":"Verschueren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold 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