{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:07:08Z","timestamp":1787875628280,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To estimate the incidence of infections among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), two distinct phenotypes included in the large group of spondyloarthritis (SpA), treated with tumour necrosis-factor-inhibitors, interleukin-17-inhibitors, Janus kinase-inhibitors, IL-23 or IL-12\/23-inhibitors (IL-12\/23i), phosphodiesterase 4-inhibitors or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4-Ig.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), open-label extension and observational studies was conducted. Serious infections were defined as infections that were life-threatening, required intravenous antibiotics and\/or hospitalisation. Non-serious infections did not meet these severity criteria. The incidence rates (IR) were reported for each diagnosis by treatment class and study type using random-effect model to create a 95%\u2009CI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 23\u2009333 PsA patients and 11 457 axSpA patients, there were 1.09 serious infections per 100 patient-years (PY) (95%\u2009CI 0.85 to 1.35) with similar IR in PsA (0.96 per 100 PY 95% CI 0.69 to 1.28) and axSpA (1.09 per 100 PY 95% CI 0.76 to 1.46). The IR was lower in RCTs (0.77 per 100 PY 95% CI 0.41 to 1.20) compared with observational studies (1.68 per 100 PY 95%\u2009CI 1.03 to 2.47). In PsA patients, the lowest IR value was observed with IL-12\/23i (0.29 per 100 PY 95% CI 0.00 to 1.03). There were 53.0 non-serious infections per 100 PY (95%\u2009CI 43.47 to 63.55) in 7257 PsA patients and 5638 axSpA patients. The IR was higher in RCTs (69.95 per 100 PY 95% CI 61.59 to 78.84) compared with observational studies (15.37 per 100 PY 95%\u2009CI 5.11 to 30.97).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serious infections were rare events in RCTs and real-life studies. Non-serious infections were common adverse events, mainly in RCTs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42020196711<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T12:20:32Z","timestamp":1694780432000},"page":"e003064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Incidence of infections in patients with psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis treated with biological or targeted disease-modifying agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, open-label studies and observational 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