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We screened articles published between January 2000 and June 2021. Studies selected for data extraction (118 for SLE and 92 for SSc) were thematically categorised by the character of their intervention. Of 208 articles included, 51 were classified as robust in critical appraisal. Physical activity was the most studied management strategy and was found to be efficacious in both diseases. Patient education and self-management also constituted widely studied topics. Many studies on SLE found psychological interventions to improve quality of life. Studies on SSc found phototherapy and laser treatment to improve cutaneous disease manifestations. In summary, non-pharmacological management of SLE and SSc encompasses a wide range of interventions, which can be combined and provided either with or without adjunct pharmacological treatment but should not aim to substitute the latter when this is deemed required. While some management strategies i.e., physical exercise and patient education, are already established in current clinical practice in several centres, others e.g., phototherapy and laser treatment, show both feasibility and efficacy, yet require testing in more rigorous trials than those hitherto conducted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T13:56:14Z","timestamp":1690984574000},"page":"e003297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4875-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Parodis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tsoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Weng","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Pezzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3073-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja A","family":"Stamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section for Outcomes Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2506-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Bostr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090313023929000_9.3.e003297.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.39","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2","author":"Kaul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025090313023929000_9.3.e003297.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30933-9"},{"key":"2025090313023929000_9.3.e003297.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2020.101547","article-title":"Exercise therapy in patients with idiopathic inflammatory Myopathies and systemic lupus erythematosus - 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