{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:59:01Z","timestamp":1789721941459,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to provide an updated prevalence of hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and sudden deafness on patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and matched comparison patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data for this study were retrieved from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database and Taiwan\u2019s registered catastrophic illness dataset. This study included 20\u2009266 patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome as the study group and 60\u2009798 propensity score-matched comparison patients as the comparison group. We used multivariable logistic regressions to estimate the ORs and 95% CI for tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo and sudden deafness among Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome patients versus comparison patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests showed there were statistically significant differences between the study group and comparison group in the prevalence of tinnitus (10.1% vs 6.3%, p&lt;0.001), hearing loss (5.6% vs 3.3%, p\n                      <jats:italic>&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001), vertigo (4.6% vs 3.2%, p&lt;0.001) and sudden deafness (0.8% vs 0.6%, p&lt;0.001). Multiple logistic regression revealed that patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome had a greater tendency to have tinnitus (OR=1.690, 95% CI 1.596\u20131.788), sudden deafness (OR=1.368, 95% CI 1.137\u20131.647), hearing loss (OR=1.724, 95% CI 1.598\u20131.859) and vertigo (OR=1.473, 95% CI 1.360\u20131.597) relative to comparison patients after adjusting for age, income, geographic location, residential urbanisation level, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and rheumatoid arthritis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found higher prevalence of hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus and sudden deafness among patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome relative to comparison patients. Findings may provide guidance to physicians in counselling patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome regarding a higher risk of hearing loss, tinnitus, sudden deafness and vertigo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T12:55:17Z","timestamp":1705668917000},"page":"e003308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Increased prevalence of hearing loss, tinnitus and sudden deafness among patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tzong-Hann","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center of General Education, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Data Science on Healthcare Industry, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Xirasagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Fu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Data Science on Healthcare Industry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Shyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Data Science on Healthcare Industry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Economics, National Taipei University, Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4661-959X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herng-Ching","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Care Administration, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-021-00728-6"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.2","unstructured":"Autoimmune Association . What is Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s disease. 2022. Available: https:\/\/autoimmune.org\/disease-information\/sjogrens\/#:~:text=Sjogrens%20is%20a%20highly%20prevalent,problems%20such%20as%20rheumatoid%20arthritis [Accessed 08 Dec 2022]."},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702514"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2019.89520"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vi53","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab466","article-title":"New developments in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Thalayasingam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.191027"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.7","unstructured":"National Health Insurance Taiwan . Patients with catastrophic illnesses or rare diseases. 2022. Available: https:\/\/eng.nhi.gov.tw\/en\/cp-90-d4e0a-18-2.html [Accessed 21 Jun 2023]."},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020155","article-title":"Real-world database examining the association between Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9030363","article-title":"Diagnostic delay in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100883"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11247396","article-title":"Association of Fabry disease with hearing loss, Tinnitus, and sudden hearing loss: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"11","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.4.5785.460"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-022-05235-9","article-title":"Prevalence of hearing loss in patients with Sj\u00f6gren syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Paraschou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3959-0","article-title":"Early hearing loss detection in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sj\u00f6gren syndrome using extended high frequency audiometry","volume":"37","author":"Galarza-Delgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.15","first-page":"1647","article-title":"Evaluation of medial olivocochlear efferent system and hearing loss in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"49","author":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-6-199703150-00005"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-015-0956-y","article-title":"Audiological profile in primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome in a tertiary care setting and its clinical implications","volume":"70","author":"Thanooja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-1856","article-title":"Hearing dysfunction in patients with neuro-Sj\u00f6gren: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Seeliger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215122000391","article-title":"Effects of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome on hearing and vestibular systems","volume":"136","author":"Ulusoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2025090312281148000_10.1.e003308.20","first-page":"725","article-title":"Hearing loss in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome patients. 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