{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T23:26:00Z","timestamp":1792106760934,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691107200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019637","name":"Horizon Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the safety, efficacy and response duration of four different dosing regimens of dazodalibep (DAZ), a non-antibody biological antagonist of CD40L, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This double-blind study included adult patients with moderate-to-severe active RA with a positive test for serum rheumatoid factor and\/or anticitrullinated protein antibodies, an inadequate response to methotrexate, other conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibitors, and no prior treatment with B-cell depleting agents. Eligible participants were randomised equally to five groups receiving intravenous infusions of DAZ or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in the Disease Activity Score-28 with C reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) at day 113. Participants were followed through day 309.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study randomised 78 eligible participants. The change from baseline in DAS28-CRP (least squares means\u00b1SE) at day 113 was significantly greater for all DAZ groups (\u22121.83\u00b10.28\u2009to \u22121.90\u00b10.27; p&lt;0.05) relative to PBO (\u22121.06\u00b10.26); significant reductions in DAS28-CRP were also observed for all DAZ groups at day 309. The distribution of adverse events was generally balanced among DAZ and PBO groups (74% and 63%, respectively). There were four serious adverse events deemed by investigators to be unrelated to study medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DAZ treatment for all dosage regimens significantly reduced DAS28-CRP at day 113 relative to PBO. The safety data suggest an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. Treatment effects at day 113 and the prolonged duration of responses after DAZ cessation support the use of longer dosing intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04163991\">NCT04163991<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T12:33:08Z","timestamp":1691152388000},"page":"e003317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The MIDORA trial: a phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic insight and dosage optimisation study of the efficacy and safety of dazodalibep in patients with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04163991","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04163991","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Kivitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Altoona Center for Clinical Research, Altoona, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horizon Therapeutics plc, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilias","family":"Alevizos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horizon Therapeutics plc, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Gunsior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horizon Therapeutics plc, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Falloon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horizon Therapeutics plc, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Illei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Horizon Therapeutics plc, Rockville, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"IRD Biomedical Consulting, LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1181-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E William","family":"St Clair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.12.005"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel229"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118643"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3930"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1971-3_16"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)10030-X"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.67.1.2"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.183","article-title":"Targeting co-stimulatory pathways: transplantation and autoimmunity","volume":"10","author":"Ford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(94)90095-7"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(96)10060-I"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10856"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.09.004"},{"key":"2025090313093749000_9.3.e003317.13","first-page":"725","article-title":"IDEC-131. 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