{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T23:21:10Z","timestamp":1793575270253,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015661","name":"UCB Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) can limit work participation. Our objective was to characterise productivity in patients with axSpA, including changes after 12\u201316 weeks of treatment with biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b\/tsDMARDs).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A systematic literature review identified studies published from 1 January 2010 to 21 October 2021 reporting work productivity using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire in patients with axSpA initiating b\/tsDMARDs. Baseline and Week 12\u201316 overall work productivity, absenteeism, presenteeism and activity impairment scores were used in a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate absolute mean change from baseline for each WPAI-domain.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eleven studies in patients with axSpA who received either placebo (n=727) or treatment with adalimumab, bimekizumab, etanercept, ixekizumab, secukinumab or tofacitinib (n=994) were included. In working patients initiating a b\/tsDMARD, mean baseline overall work productivity impairment, absenteeism and presenteeism scores were 52.1% (N=7 studies), 11.0% and 48.8% (N=6 studies), respectively. At Week 12\u201316, the pooled mean change from baseline in overall work impairment for b\/tsDMARDs or placebo was \u221221.6% and \u221212.3%. When results were extrapolated to 1\u2009year, the potential annual reductions in cost of paid and unpaid productivity loss per patient ranged from \u20ac11\u2009962.88 to \u20ac14\u2009293.54.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Over 50% of employed patients with active axSpA experienced work impairment, primarily due to presenteeism. Overall work productivity improved at Weeks 12\u201316 to a greater extent for patients who received b\/tsDMARDs than placebo. Work productivity loss was associated with a substantial cost burden, which was reduced with improvements in impairment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T12:45:25Z","timestamp":1701348325000},"page":"e003468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Work productivity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis initiating biological or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00939003","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02696785","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01114880","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01258738","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02696798","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02757352","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01358175","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03928704","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03928743","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01786668","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03502616","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00939003","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02696785","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01114880","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01258738","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02696798","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02757352","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01358175","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03928704","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03928743","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01786668","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03502616","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03928704","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03895203","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5445-548X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Rudwaleit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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