{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T18:16:09Z","timestamp":1793643369543,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The REDO trial (REtreatment with Rituximab in RhEmatoid arthritis: Disease Outcome after Dose Optimisation) showed similar disease activity for retreatment with ultralow doses (200\u2009mg and 500\u2009mg per 6 months) compared with standard low-dose rituximab (RTX, 1000\u2009mg per 6 months). We performed an observational extension study of the REDO trial to assess long-term effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients from the REDO trial were followed from start of the trial to censoring in April 2021. RTX use was at the discretion of patient and rheumatologist using treat to target. The primary outcome was disease activity (disease activity score in 28 joints C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP)), analysed using a longitudinal mixed model by original randomisation and time-varying RTX dose. The original DAS28-CRP non-inferiority (NI) margin of 0.6 was used. RTX dose and persistence, safety and radiological outcomes were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from 126 of 142 REDO patients was collected from 15 December 2016, up to 30 April 2021. Drop-outs continued treatment elsewhere (n=3) or did not consent (n=13).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Disease activity did not differ by original randomisation group: 1000\u2009mg mean DAS28-CRP (95%\u2009CI) of 2.2 (2.0 to 2.5), 500\u2009mg 2.3 (2.1 to 2.4) and 200\u2009mg 2.4 (2.2 to 2.5). Lower time-varying RTX dose was associated with higher DAS28-CRP (0.22 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.40) higher for 200\u2009mg\/6 months compared with 1000\u2009mg\/6 months), but remained within the NI-margin. RTX persistence was 93%. Median RTX dose was 978\u2009mg (IQR 684\u20131413) per year, and no association was found between RTX dose and adverse events or radiological damage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Long-term use of ultralow doses of RTX is effective in patients with rheumatoid arthritis responding to standard dose RTX.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:20:17Z","timestamp":1712708417000},"page":"e003659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Long-term clinical and radiological effectiveness and safety of ultralow doses of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis: observational extension of the REDO trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7126-2209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"den Broeder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Verhoef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u00ebl A","family":"de Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente, Almelo, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2394-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc R","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Maasstad Ziekenhuis, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogier","family":"Thurlings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfred","family":"van der Weele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Reade, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart JF","family":"van den Bemt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank HJ","family":"van den Hoogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aatke","family":"van der Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons A","family":"den Broeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090313405620000_10.2.e003659.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/rap\/rkab007","article-title":"(Ultra-)low dosing of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis: chances and challenges","volume":"5","author":"den Broeder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol Adv Pract"},{"key":"2025090313405620000_10.2.e003659.2","unstructured":"EMA . 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