{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:28:19Z","timestamp":1781018899663,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) significantly affects the lungs and heart, and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe manifestation that leads to considerable morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of probable SLE-PH, assess the main echocardiographic predictors and develop a potential screening strategy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective single-centre study was conducted on 201 patients with SLE who underwent transthoracic echocardiography. Patients meeting PH criteria were referred for right heart catheterisation (RHC).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among patients, 88.56% were women, 85.57% were of Spanish origin and 43.78% had structural heart disease. Out of these, 16 (7.96%) had intermediate or high probability criteria for PH according to European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2022. Six RHCs confirmed PH with a prevalence of 2.99% for SLE-PH and 1.99% for SLE-pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key risk factors<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Key risk factors included age, cardiorespiratory symptoms, serositis, anti-Ro, cardiac biomarkers and altered pulmonary function tests (PFTs). PH was linked to a higher Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics\/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) (mean SDI 4.75 vs 2.05, p&lt;0.001) and increased mortality risk in a 2-year follow-up (12.50% vs 1.08%, p=0.002).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In our cohort, 7.96% of patients with SLE had an intermediate or high PH probability. By RHC, six patients (2.99%) met the ESC\/European Respiratory Society criteria for PH and four (1.99%) for PAH. The main risk factors were older age, cardiorespiratory symptoms, serositis, anti-Ro, cardiac biomarkers and altered PFTs. PH was a severe SLE complication, suggesting the need for earlier diagnosis through data-driven screening to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:58:14Z","timestamp":1704848294000},"page":"e003674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence, risk factors and echocardiographic predictors of pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: towards a screening protocol"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1108-9461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"\u00c1lvarez Troncoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sist\u00e9micas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, 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