{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:36:54Z","timestamp":1790800614503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707350400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIA; AG 058738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA; AG 058738"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the incidence and outcomes of large artery (LA) involvement among patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and to compare LA involvement to non-GCA patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study included Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA residents with incident GCA between 1950 and 2016 with follow-up through 31 December 2020, death or migration. A population-based age-matched\/sex-matched comparator cohort without GCA was assembled. LA involvement included aortic aneurysm, dissection, stenosis in the aorta or its main branches diagnosed within 1\u2009year prior to GCA or anytime afterwards. Cumulative incidence of LA involvement was estimated; Cox models were used.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The GCA cohort included 289 patients (77% females, 81% temporal artery biopsy positive), 106 with LA involvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Reported cumulative incidences of LA involvement in GCA at 15 years were 14.8%, 30.2% and 49.2% for 1950\u20131974, 1975\u20131999 and 2000\u20132016, respectively (HR 3.48, 95% CI 1.67 to 7.27 for 2000\u20132016 vs 1950\u20131974).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>GCA patients had higher risk for LA involvement compared with non-GCA (HR 3.22, 95% CI 1.83 to 5.68 adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities). Thoracic aortic aneurysms were increased in GCA versus non GCA (HR 13.46, 95% CI 1.78 to 101.98) but not abdominal (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.33 to 3.55).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>All-cause mortality in GCA patients improved over time (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.93 in 2000\u20132016 vs 1950\u20131974) but remained significantly elevated in those with LA involvement (HR 1.89, 95%\u2009CI 1.39 to 2.56).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LA involvement in GCA has increased over time. Patients with GCA have higher incidences of LA involvement compared with non-GCA including thoracic but not abdominal aneurysms. Mortality is increased in patients with GCA and LA involvement highlighting the need for continued surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T12:40:42Z","timestamp":1707396042000},"page":"e003775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Reappraisal of large artery involvement in giant cell arteritis: a population-based cohort over 70 years"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4795-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohanad M","family":"Elfishawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Autoimmune and Rheumatic diseases, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmut 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