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The Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and the PainDETECT (PD) questionnaire were used to quantify the NoP and the NP components, respectively. Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) were used as measures of residual symptoms. C reactive protein (CRP) was used as a measure of systemic inflammatory activity. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses of disease activity were performed. The regions of the WPI score and items of the PD score were used for cluster analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Linear multivariable regression analysis showed that WPI and PD were independently associated with ASDAS (b=0.1, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.17, and b=0.05, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.08, respectively) and BASDAI (b=0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.39, and b=0.17, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.25, respectively) in r-axSpA patients receiving stable treatment with bDMARDs. Furthermore, WPI and PD were found to be significantly associated with the presence of relevant residual symptoms as defined by BASDAI \u22654 (OR 1.93, 95%\u2009CI 1.09 to 4.15, and OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.85, respectively). The effects were present also in patients with normal level of CRP. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct pain distribution profiles and four specific sensory symptom constellations allowing differentiation of different pain subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both NoP and NP components seem to be associated with residual symptoms in patients with r-axSpA receiving treatment with bDMARDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-004009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T12:06:11Z","timestamp":1707998771000},"page":"e004009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Association of nociplastic and neuropathic pain components with the presence of residual symptoms in patients with axial spondyloarthritis receiving biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7616-3629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fares","family":"Al Mohamad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (including Clinical Nutrition), Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Rios Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (including Clinical Nutrition), Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hildrun","family":"Haibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (including Clinical Nutrition), Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4840-5069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Protopopov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (including Clinical Nutrition), Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7442-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Rademacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (including Clinical Nutrition), Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0285-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Sieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (including Clinical Nutrition), Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4600-9484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Torgutalp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (including Clinical Nutrition), Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"K\u00e4ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology (including 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