{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:24:32Z","timestamp":1790645072339,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00824"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00824"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22_01207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22_01207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD21\/0002\/0037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0002\/0037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Salud Carlos III"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate cognitive function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional study of a cohort of patients with RA initiating their first biological treatment due to moderate-to-high inflammation and a healthy control group (no inflammatory diseases) matched for age, sex and educational level. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, with cognitive impairment defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score&lt;26. Additional assessments included various cognitive tests (STROOP, forward and backward digit spans), anxiety and depression scales (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), quality of life measures (Quality of Life-Rheumatoid Arthritis) and average inflammatory activity according to the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28)-C-reactive protein (CRP) into high activity (DAS28\u22653.2) and low activity (DAS28&lt;3.2) groups, also CRP levels and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured using an ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population comprised 140 participants, 70 patients with RA and 70 controls. Patients more frequently experienced cognitive impairment than controls (60% vs 40%; p=0.019) and had lower mean (SD) values in the MoCA (23.6 (3.9) vs 25.1 (3.4); p=0.019. As for subtests of the MoCA, involvement was more marked in patients than in controls for the visuospatial-executive (p=0.030), memory (p=0.026) and abstraction (p=0.039) domains. Additionally, patients scored lower on executive function, as assessed by the backward digit span test (4.0 (1.7) vs 4.7 (1.9); p=0.039). Cognitive impairment is associated with age and a lower educational level in the general population, and among patients with RA with educational level, obesity and average inflammatory activity (DAS28, CRP, and IL-6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with RA with high inflammatory activity are more susceptible to cognitive impairment, which specifically affects the domains of visuospatial, memory, abstraction and executive function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T20:00:44Z","timestamp":1721764844000},"page":"e004422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Impact of inflammation on cognitive function in patients with highly inflammatory 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