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Longitudinal samples (1\u20133 time points) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed using HLA-class II tetramers with 12 different citrullinated candidate autoantigens combined in a &gt;20-colour spectral flow cytometry panel.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The baseline CD4+T\u2009cell phenotype was similar between individuals who progressed to arthritis (ie, in the pre-RA phase) and the non-progressors, when studying markers associated with Th1, Th17, T-peripheral and T-regulatory cells as well as with T-cell activation. Citrulline-reactive CD4+T cells were present in both groups but at significantly lower frequency in the progressor group. CD4+T cells specific for citrullinated tenascin-C were the most frequently observed among the progressors, and their frequencies diminished during follow-up that is, closer to arthritis onset. Notably, PD-1 and CD95 expression on the memory cit-tenascin-C-specific T cells in this group indicated repeated antigen exposure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data lend support to citrullinated tenascin-C as an interesting T cell antigen in RA. Moreover, lower frequency of circulating citrulline-specific cells in arthritis progressing individuals suggest an initiated homing of these cells to the joints and\/or their associated lymph nodes in the pre-RA phase and a possible window of opportunity for therapeutic preventive interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-004510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T12:46:39Z","timestamp":1731933999000},"page":"e004510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Arthritis progressors have a decreased frequency of circulating autoreactive T cells during the at-risk phase of rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7476-1019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Turcinov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, 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