{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T02:48:33Z","timestamp":1792205313958,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["209553\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["209553\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1SE4324N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1SE4324N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012317","name":"UCLH Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD) is linked to high mortality. Currently, effective screening tools are lacking. We assessed the role of symptoms and lung ultrasound (LUS) as potential screening tools.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>116 adult patients with RA presenting to the rheumatology outpatient clinic underwent high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans, pulmonary function tests, LUS (72 zones) and completed a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for cough and modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (mMRC). Kruskal-Wallis (KW) tests evaluated the correlation between clinical\u2013radiological HRCT score (no ILD, non-specific abnormalities, subclinical ILD or ILD) and the B-lines on LUS, diffusion capacity (DLCO%pred), forced vital capacity (FVC%pred), VAS Cough and mMRC. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to assess symptom-based questionnaires and the number of B-lines to detect RA-ILD. Area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) for detecting clinical ILD and subclinical ILD were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 11.8% of patients, an ILD was detected on HRCT. Additionally, in 5%, a diagnosis of subclinical interstitial lung changes was made. The number of B-lines was most strongly associated with the clinical\u2013radiological score (KW \u03c7\u00b2=41.2, p=&lt;0.001). DLCO%pred was also significantly correlated with the clinical\u2013radiological score (KW \u03c7\u00b2=27.4, p=&lt;0.001), but FVC%pred, mMRC and VAS cough were not. Cough and dyspnoea only weakly predicted the ILD score in the sensitivity\u2013specificity analyses, while B-lines showed AUROCs&gt;0.9 for predicting subclinical and clinical ILD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LUS is a promising tool for early detection of RA-ILD, outperforming symptom-based questionnaires or the presence of dyspnoea or cough.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-005283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T09:55:33Z","timestamp":1740563733000},"page":"e005283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Lung ultrasound outperforms symptom-based screening to detect interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8546-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Vermant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Kalkanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, London, UK"},{"name":"UCL Respiratory, UCL, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinne","family":"Goos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela Elsa","family":"Cortesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heleen","family":"Cypers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"De Crem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Follet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gogaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Neerinckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Taelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, 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