{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:04:20Z","timestamp":1759795460530,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756425600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research of the Federal Republic of Germany","award":["13FH613KX2."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13FH613KX2."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Accurate and rapid diagnosis of rheumatic diseases is essential for further treatment decision. Different rheumatic diseases present characteristic patterns (image features) in fluorescence optical imaging (FOI). We developed an atlas of FOI image features and tested its ability to differentiate various rheumatic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>FOI images from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), connective tissue diseases (CTD) and osteoarthritis (OA) were analysed by two readers blinded for diagnosis and calibrated against each other, using the prima vista mode (PVM) and an automated 5-phase model. Twenty-six different reoccurring typical signal enhancement patterns (features) indicating inflamed joints, nail or skin were defined and all FOI images were scored accordingly. The feature frequency in each patient cohort and phase (PVM, 5-phase) was counted. Contingency tables were created with categorical variable counts and diagnosis using common formulae.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four hundred thirty-eight patients with RA (n=117), PsA (n=110), CTD (n=121) and OA (n=90) were included. Once the data had been categorised, a two-step diagnostic pathway was developed: in the first step, OA was best distinguished from the other diseases with high specificity by five patterns (specificity &gt;0.9, diagnostic OR between 2.34 and 8.24). In a second step, the remaining autoimmune diseases were differentiated from each other by a certain number of features (five for RA, 12 for PsA and four for CTD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was the first study to show that feature analysis in FOI helps to differentiate typical rheumatic diseases from each other, potentially simplifying and speeding up the diagnostic process. Therefore, FOI could be considered an additional component of a wider range of imaging techniques used in rheumatology.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-005372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T08:00:17Z","timestamp":1756713617000},"page":"e005372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["To optimise the diagnostic process of rheumatic diseases affecting the hands using fluorescence optical imaging (FOI)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4298-9097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nele","family":"Stumper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite\u2014Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, BE, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rn","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiralite GmbH, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2954-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Klotsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Egbert","family":"Gedat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fachbereich Ingenieur-und Naturwissenschaften, TH Wildau, Wildau, BB, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7494-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Hoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite\u2014Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, BE, Germany"},{"name":"Rheumatology, Endokrinologikum Berlin am Gendarmenmarkt, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Schmittat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite\u2014Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, BE, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7518-1131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd R","family":"Burmester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite\u2014Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, BE, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-4325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard","family":"Kr\u00f6nke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Backhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Park-Klinik Weissensee, Berlin, BE, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7810-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida K","family":"Haugen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet University College and Hospital, Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5943-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Ohrndorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite\u2014Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, BE, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and 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Innovative Imaging Technique for Visualization of Vascularization and Established Methods for Detection of Musculoskeletal Inflammation in Psoriasis Patients. 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