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Dimensionality reduction and clustering analysis were applied to pre-gated CD19+B cells. Serum levels of 21 cytokines and anti-Jo-1 IgG autoantibodies were determined. All patients with IIM in this study were positive for anti-Jo-1 antibody.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anti-Jo-1 antibody levels correlated positively to disease activity. Flow cytometry demonstrated B-cell dysregulation with significantly lower CD73 expression on na\u00efve, switched memory and double negative B cells in patients with active IIM. Clustering analysis further revealed expansions of CD73\u2212 IgM+na\u00efve B cells and CD73\u2212 CD95+ switched memory B cells in active IIM. In unswitched memory B cells, CD73+CD21+ cells were decreased in active IIM. Patients with active IIM had significantly higher serum levels of B-cell activating factor, inducible protein-10, interleukin-6 and sCD40L which correlated with changes in B-cell populations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Since CD73 has an immunoregulatory function by modulating the ATP\/adenosine pathway, which is also targeted by methotrexate, the low CD73 B-cell expression in anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive IIM may lead to B-cell hyperactivation. These novel findings further highlight B cells as central in the pathogenesis of IIM and important therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2024-005401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T01:45:11Z","timestamp":1744249511000},"page":"e005401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["CD73<sup>low<\/sup> B-cell phenotypes and distinct cytokine profiles in patients with active anti-Jo-1 antibody positive idiopathic inflammatory myopathies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7973-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maho","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, 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