{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:51:30Z","timestamp":1791039090167,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 induces acute non-specific endothelial\/microvascular alterations that have been identified by nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC). Details on NVC abnormalities in long covid (LC) patients (pts) are unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LC pts without and with systemic sclerosis (non-SSc-LC and SSc-LC), recovered COVID-19 (RC) pts that did not develop LC and healthy matched control subjects (CNT) that underwent NVC examinations were evaluated in a multicentre national study from the Capillaroscopy and Microcirculation in Rheumatic Diseases Study Group of the Italian Society of Rheumatology. Retrospective collection was performed for demographic data, course of SARS-CoV-2 infection, comorbidities, concomitant drugs. NVC alterations were quantified by validated scores. Pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 microvascular status was analysed by NVC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>62 non-SSc-LC pts (49 female\/13 male, 51\u00b116 years old), 24 SSc-LC pts (21 female\/3 male, 59\u00b117 years old), 23 RC pts (18 female\/5 male, 51\u00b118 years old) and 84 CNT (68 female\/16 male, 52\u00b112 years old) were analysed. Non-SSc-LC pts showed significantly more dilated capillaries (p&lt;0.01, p multivariate&lt;0.01), microhaemorrhages (p=0.01, p multivariate&lt;0.05), abnormal shapes (p&lt;0.05, p multivariate&lt;0.05) than CNT and of note, lower mean capillary number per linear millimetre (p&lt;0.01, p multivariate&lt;0.01) than both RC pts and CTN (p&lt;0.01, p multivariate&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Of highest interest, 16 non-SSc-LC pts showed statistically significantly more dilated capillaries (p&lt;0.05) and microhaemorrhages (p&lt;0.05) in NVC examinations after COVID-19, compared with pre-COVID-19 status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Similarly, SSc-LC pts (24) showed significantly lower capillary density (p=0.01) and more dilated capillaries (p&lt;0.01) in NVC examinations after COVID-19, compared with pre-COVID-19 status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>LC pts show more microvascular alterations at NVC as compared with RC patients and CNT, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of persistent organ\/systems dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-005469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T20:05:41Z","timestamp":1745870741000},"page":"e005469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multicentre retrospective detection of nailfold videocapillaroscopy abnormalities in long covid patients"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4732-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Gotelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Campitiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Pizzorni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Sammor\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Aitella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L\u2019Aquila, L\u2019Aquila, Italy"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, G. 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