{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T03:00:01Z","timestamp":1793761201689,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"The Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020-01378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-01378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"The Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021-03118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-03118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institutet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BH #202402457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BH #202402457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20220127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["20241216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20241216"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016408","name":"G\u00f6ran Gustafssons Stiftelser","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2141 and 2227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2141 and 2227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016408","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Cancerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21 1513 Pj 01 H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21 1513 Pj 01 H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ALF"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Swedish Rheumatism Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the King Gustaf V 80-Year Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether autoantibodies against interferons are present and play a role in disease modulation in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We screened for autoantibodies against a large number of interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines in a cross-sectional observational cohort of Swedish patients with anti-synthetase syndrome (n=51) and dermatomyositis (n=48), matched together with blood donors (n=100) from general population, using both planar and suspension-based multiplex assays. A single patient with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, type-1 (APS-1), known to harbour autoantibodies that neutralise type-I interferons, was included as a reference biological positive. The functional ability of autoantibodies to neutralise type-I interferons was tested in vitro, using an IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 responsive cell reporter assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The initial screening of plasma samples indicated a repertoire of autoantibodies in IIM patients against a number of common myositis-specific and myositis-associated antigens. On screening for autoantibodies against type-I, II or III interferons, we did not find any evidence of anti-IFN autoantibodies being present in any of the IIM patient subgroups or the blood donors from general population. Additionally, none of the tested plasma samples, except the APS-1, exhibited neutralisation of physiological concentration IFN-\u03b12, further confirming a complete lack of functional autoantibodies against IFN-\u03b1 subtypes in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did not detect neutralising autoantibodies against IFN-\u03b1 and autoantibodies against other types of IFNs in a Swedish cohort of IIM patients. These findings contrast with the presence of autoantibodies against type-I IFNs in other systemic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, characterised by type-I IFN overactivation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-005836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T09:25:18Z","timestamp":1758792318000},"page":"e005836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies lack neutralising autoantibodies to type- I, II and III interferons"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2424-3475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anish","family":"Behere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 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Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6068-9212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastro, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Begum","family":"Horuluoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Landegren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science for Life 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