{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:22:16Z","timestamp":1788434536130,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":69,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222101\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222101\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/W027003\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W027003\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/W027518\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/W027518\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuropathic pain is a devastating type of pain that significantly reduces the quality of life of affected people. Traditionally considered as mechanistically distinct from pain induced by classical inflammatory states, studies continue to reveal more commonalities than differences, with a whole host of pathological changes in the environment of local peripheral nerves accompanying chronic neuropathic pain conditions. This narrative review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular drivers of neuropathic pain, highlighting some of the seminal publications from past and present. We discuss both neuronal and non-neuronal mechanisms contributing to neuropathic pain (eg, immune and stromal cell dysregulation). Particular attention is given to studies involving human cohorts which, until recently, have been less common in the field, due to the difficulties in accessing relevant tissues, like nervous system samples. The consequences of recent findings for analgesic drug development are also discussed, both in the context of neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-006044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T16:15:24Z","timestamp":1773245724000},"page":"e006044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cellular and molecular basis of neuropathic pain"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Pao-Sheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7759-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annina B","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-4234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Denk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre (SPaRC), King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.1","unstructured":"International association for the study of pain. n.d. Available: https:\/\/wwwiasp-painorg\/resources\/terminology\/"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001326","article-title":"Part of pain labelled neuropathic in rheumatic disease might be rather nociplastic","volume":"6","author":"Bailly","year":"2020","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2025.100651","article-title":"Evaluation of neuropathic-like symptoms and objective signs of neuropathy post-knee replacement in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"7","author":"Driscoll","year":"2025","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil Open"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.02.008"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000492"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15831","article-title":"Joint European Academy of Neurology-European Pain Federation-Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment","volume":"30","author":"Truini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(25)00068-7"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003115","article-title":"Spontaneous activity in peripheral sensory nerves: a systematic review","volume":"165","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003605","article-title":"Functional signatures of human somatosensory C fibers by microneurography","volume":"166","author":"Namer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00933.2017"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.05.017"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz063","article-title":"Electrophysiological and transcriptomic correlates of neuropathic pain in human dorsal root ganglion neurons","volume":"142","author":"North","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain (Bacau)"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(83)90164-1"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.1.205"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00444-w"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.09.028"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000753"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03982.1995"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1700"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-072116-031121"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.01.007"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001102","article-title":"The interrater and test-retest reliability of 3 modalities of quantitative sensory testing in healthy adults and people with chronic low back pain or rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"8","author":"Brady","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00045.2019"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001034"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/J.PAIN.0000000000000491"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.05.002"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.020"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2022.845211","article-title":"An Historical Perspective: The Second Order Neuron in the Pain Pathway","volume":"3","author":"Todd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.2251","article-title":"Systematic review and co-ordinate based meta-analysis to summarize the utilization of functional brain imaging in conjunction with human models of peripheral and central sensitization","volume":"28","author":"Clarke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3628"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2314213121","article-title":"Deep sequencing of Phox2a nuclei reveals five classes of anterolateral system neurons","volume":"121","author":"Bell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad002","article-title":"A critical brainstem relay for mediation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls","volume":"146","author":"Kucharczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain (Bacau)"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2023.04.002"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002719"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx337","article-title":"A brain-based pain facilitation mechanism contributes to painful diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"141","author":"Segerdahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain (Bacau)"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15575","article-title":"Electroencephalography functional connectivity-A biomarker for painful polyneuropathy","volume":"30","author":"Topaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/248740a0","article-title":"Properties of afferent nerve impulses originating from a neuroma","volume":"248","author":"Wall","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature New Biol"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63070-2"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001914"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13839-2","article-title":"Dorsal root ganglion macrophages contribute to both the initiation and persistence of neuropathic pain","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880150506"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000188879.19900.b7"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200144","article-title":"Structural Changes of Cutaneous Immune Cells in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Relationship With Diabetic Polyneuropathy","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001111","article-title":"Analysis of Macrophages and Peptidergic Fibers in the Skin of Patients With Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy","volume":"9","author":"Gylfadottir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08100-8","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of human sensory neurons in painful diabetic neuropathy reveals inflammation and neuronal loss","volume":"12","author":"Hall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62964-8","article-title":"Multi-omic identification of perineurial hyperplasia and lipid-associated nerve macrophages in human polyneuropathies","volume":"16","author":"Heming","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003472","article-title":"The local molecular signature of human peripheral neuropathic pain","volume":"166","author":"Sandy-Hindmarch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90284-I"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.2"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4189"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010116","article-title":"Evaluation of (R)-[11C]PK11195 PET\/MRI for Spinal Cord-Related Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Cervical Spinal Disorders","volume":"12","author":"Kitade","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5628-11.2012"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.20153.1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid immune cells appear similar across neuropathic and non-neuropathic pain conditions","volume":"8","author":"Hore","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh SK , Krukowski K , Laumet GO , et al . CD8+ T cell\u2013derived IL-13 increases macrophage IL-10 to resolve neuropathic pain. JCI Insight 2022;7. doi:10.1172\/jci.insight.154194","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.154194"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.10.028"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00142","article-title":"Cytotoxic Immunity in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Pain","volume":"14","author":"Davies","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang S , Barry AM , Lee YK , et al . NKG2D receptor ligands are cell surface biomarkers for injured murine and human nociceptive sensory neurons. Neuroscience [Preprint] 2025. doi:10.1101\/2025.07.16.665122","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.07.16.665122"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300046","article-title":"Higher densities of T-lymphocytes in the subsynovial connective tissue of people with carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Sandy-Hindmarch","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02301-0","article-title":"Autoantibody screening in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Lleix\u00e0","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-331378","article-title":"Clinical relevance of distinguishing autoimmune nodopathies from CIDP: longitudinal assessment in a large cohort","volume":"95","author":"Broers","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2025.07.003","article-title":"Autoantibodies as drivers of neuropathic pain","volume":"32","author":"Farah","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salih LY , Dumaire NL , Vest E , et al . Direct Binding of FGFR3 Autoantibodies to Sensory Neurons Drives Hyperexcitability and Mechanical Pain Hypersensitivity. bioRxiv 2025. doi:10.1101\/2025.06.01.657230","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.06.01.657230"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691081"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2006.12.008"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI184075","article-title":"Cell and molecular profiles in peripheral nerves shift toward inflammatory phenotypes in diabetic peripheral neuropathy","volume":"135","author":"Tavares-Ferreira","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27496","article-title":"Subepidermal Schwann cell counts correlate with skin innervation - an exploratory study","volume":"65","author":"\u00d6zda\u011f Acarl\u0131","year":"2022","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2332","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-06009-z","article-title":"Structural changes in Schwann cells and nerve fibres in type 1 diabetes: relationship with diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"66","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.17885.1","article-title":"Comparative transcriptional analysis of satellite glial cell injury response","volume":"7","author":"Jager","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-020-0333-z"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91729-K"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16206","article-title":"Unraveling the role of oligodendrocytes and myelin in pain","volume":"169","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjos-2021-100235","article-title":"Fibroblasts: the neglected cell type in peripheral sensitisation and chronic pain? A review based on a systematic search of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Shinotsuka","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sci"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001890"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002122"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk3506","article-title":"Synovial fibroblast gene expression is associated with sensory nerve growth and pain in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.11.003","article-title":"Fibroblast-derived IL-33 exacerbates orofacial neuropathic pain via the activation of TRPA1 in trigeminal ganglion neurons","volume":"123","author":"Ikehata","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913444117"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2025.05.012","article-title":"A role for fibroblast and mural cell subsets in a nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain?","volume":"129","author":"Villa-Hernandez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003445","article-title":"Harmonizing neuropathic pain research: outcomes of the London consensus meeting on peripheral tissue studies","volume":"166","author":"Villa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lesnak JB , Schaub MK , Gomez K , et al . Enabling wider access to human molecular neuroscience research in pain: a simple preservation method for human dorsal root ganglion neurons in hibernate a media. Neuroscience [Preprint]. doi:10.1101\/2025.09.06.674648","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.06.674648"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shiers S , Saad Yousuf M , Mwirigi J , et al . Human ganglia and spinal cord tissue procurement from organ donors and tissue quality assessment v1. doi:10.17504\/protocols.io.kqdg32qr1v25\/v1","DOI":"10.17504\/protocols.io.kqdg32qr1v25\/v1"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001066","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuropathic pain: an analysis of prevalence and associated factors in UK Biobank","volume":"8","author":"Baskozos","year":"2023","journal-title":"PR9"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03549-5"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0112-7","article-title":"Pathogenic stromal cells as therapeutic targets in joint inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Dakin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0007-1"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01155-z","article-title":"An interdisciplinary perspective on peripheral drivers of pain in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"20","author":"Rutter-Locher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.88","unstructured":"Vertex press release. n.d. Available: https:\/\/investors.vrtx.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/vertex-announces-results-phase-2-study-suzetrigine-treatment"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7","article-title":"Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances","volume":"397","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026090304053175000_12.1.e006044.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000160"}],"container-title":["RMD Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-006044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:05:40Z","timestamp":1788433540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rmdopen.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-006044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-006044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-006044","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-5933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-5933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}}}