{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:11:55Z","timestamp":1791259915632,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GSK","award":["ISS 206204B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISS 206204B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["RMD Open"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To assess for the first time a combination of new and established markers of macrovascular damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using oscillometry and greyscale\/colour Doppler ultrasound (GSUS\/CDUS) and, additionally, to explore associations of these markers with traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and patient and disease characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n CDUS was used to assess arterial compliance markers, such as the Resistance-Index (RI) and Pulsatility-Index (PI) of the common (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) in SLE patients and healthy controls. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), atherosclerotic plaque and total calcification area were evaluated by GSUS. Aortic stiffness was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We recruited\n 185<\/jats:italic>\n SLE patients and\n 150<\/jats:italic>\n controls. After propensity-score matching, patients showed higher CCA-PI (p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n =<\/jats:italic>\n 0.006), CCA-RI (p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n =<\/jats:italic>\n 0.028), ICA-RI (p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n =0.011) and carotid plaque (p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n <0.001), compared with controls. Among patients, elevated C reactive protein was associated with higher ICA-RI (p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n =<\/jats:italic>\n 0.016), and ANA positivity with higher CCA-PI (p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n =<\/jats:italic>\n 0.009) and CCA-RI (p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n =<\/jats:italic>\n 0.011). ICA-PI correlated with lung involvement (\n \n p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n =\n <\/jats:italic>\n 0.011), whereas both cfPWV (p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n =0.003) and total plaque area were inversely related with CO-diffusion (p\n adj<\/jats:sub>\n =<\/jats:italic>\n 0.018). cIMT and cfPWV both showed positive correlations with age (p<0.001) and mean arterial pressure (p<0.001), and inverse correlations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (both p<0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In the first study of CV surrogate markers in SLE combining oscillometry and carotid CDUS\/GSUS, patients showed increased carotid pulsatility and resistance compared with controls. Furthermore, several patient-related and disease-related factors were identified as angiopathy predictors. These results suggest that combined evaluation of CV surrogate markers may help detect subclinical organ damage and improve CV-risk classification in SLE.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2025-006070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T10:00:24Z","timestamp":1766656824000},"page":"e006070","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Novel vascular damage markers in SLE: insights from carotid colour Doppler ultrasound and aortic oscillometry in the LUPCARD cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8764-2636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Triantafyllias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhineland-Palatinate Rheumatology Center, Bad Kreuznach, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, 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