{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T11:18:32Z","timestamp":1725880712620},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since 2003, US organisations have recommended universal screening, rather than targeted screening, of HIV-infected persons for gonorrhoea and chlamydia. The objective of this study was to determine whether wider testing resulting from these guidelines would produce an increase in gonorrhoea\/chlamydia diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>3283 patients receiving HIV care in 1999\u20132007 in the Johns Hopkins Hospital HIV clinic were studied. The two primary outcomes were the occurrence of any gonorrhoea\/chlamydia testing in each year of care and the occurrence of any positive result(s) in years of testing. The proportion of all patients in care who were diagnosed with gonorrhoea\/chlamydia was defined as the number of patients with positive results divided by the number of patients in care. Trends were analysed with repeated measures logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of patients tested for gonorrhoea\/chlamydia increased steadily from 0.12 in 1999 to 0.33 in 2007 (OR per year for being tested 1.17, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.19). The proportion positive among those tested decreased significantly after 2003 (OR per year 0.67, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.81). The proportion of all patients in care diagnosed with gonorrhoea\/chlamydia therefore remained generally stable in 1999\u20132007 (OR per year 0.97, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.04).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Universal annual screening, as implemented, did not increase the proportion of all patients in care who were diagnosed with gonorrhoea\/chlamydia. Similarly low implementation rates have been reported in cross-sectional studies. If future efforts to enhance implementation do not yield increases in diagnoses, then guidelines focusing on targeted screening of high-risk groups rather than universal screening may be warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,12]],"date-time":"2011-07-12T02:54:08Z","timestamp":1310439248000},"page":"469-475","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Increased gonorrhoea and chlamydia testing did not increase case detection in an HIV clinical cohort 1999\u20132007"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Stephen A","family":"Berry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalil G","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen R","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Gange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe L","family":"Thio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard D","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly A","family":"Gebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02190-9"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.010249"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200101050-00015"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181812d15"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000192000.15777.5c"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200308150-00014"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2007.0240"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2005.19.495"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2008.0277"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.032532"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.036608"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.025684"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181bd8301"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008504"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2007.007131"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181e50058"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.047514"},{"key":"2024051319024401000_87.6.469.18","unstructured":"Mayer KH Henry K Bush T . 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