{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:25:19Z","timestamp":1765758319432},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>England has invested in chlamydia screening interventions for young people. It is not known whether young people in poorer socioeconomic circumstances (SEC) are at greater risk of chlamydia and therefore in greater need of screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To conduct a systematic review examining socioeconomic variations in chlamydia prevalence or positivity in young people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight bibliographic databases using terms related to chlamydia and SEC, supplemented by website and reference searches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Eligibility<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies published 1999\u20132011 in North America, Western Europe, Australia or New Zealand, including populations aged 15\u201324\u2005years, with chlamydia prevalence or positivity diagnosed by nucleic acid amplification testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Appraisal and synthesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two reviewers independently screened references, extracted data, appraised studies meeting inclusion criteria and rated studies as high, medium or low according to their quality and relevance. Socioeconomic variations in chlamydia were synthesised for medium\/high-rated studies only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No high-rated studies were identified. Eight medium-rated studies reported variations in chlamydia prevalence by SEC. In 6\/8 studies, prevalence was higher in people of poorer SEC. Associations were more often significant when measured by education than when using other indicators. All studies measuring positivity were rated low. Across all studies, methodological limitations in SEC measurement were identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current literature is limited in its capacity to describe associations between SEC and chlamydia risk. The choice of SEC measure may explain why some studies find higher chlamydia prevalence in young people in disadvantaged circumstances while others do not. Studies using appropriate SEC indicators (eg, education) are needed to inform decisions about targeting chlamydia screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,12]],"date-time":"2012-10-12T01:05:51Z","timestamp":1350003951000},"page":"175-180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["It matters what you measure: a systematic literature review examining whether young people in poorer socioeconomic circumstances are more at risk of chlamydia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Sheringham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Simms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Stafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham J","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosalind","family":"Raine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.1","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections. Sexually Transmitted Infections Annual Data. London: Health Protection Agency, 2012. http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk (accessed 26 Aug 2010)."},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp035"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.3","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. ECDC Guidance: Chlamydia Control in Europe. 2009. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. www.ecdc.europa.eu (accessed 27 Jul 2012)."},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.005454"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.5","unstructured":"National Chlamydia Screening Programme. National chlamydia screening website. London: National Chlamydia Screening Programme, 2010. http:\/\/www.chlamydiascreening.nhs.uk (accessed 30 Mar 2012)."},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2602134"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2008.03.002"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.010181"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.010173"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050219"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.11","first-page":"195","article-title":"Risk factors for genital chlamydial infection","volume":"13","author":"Navarro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.12","unstructured":"Bartley M . Measuring socio-economic position. In: Bartley M , ed. Health Inequality: An Introduction to Theories, Concepts and Methods. Cambridge: Polity Press 2004:22\u201335."},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym018"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petticrew M Roberts H . Systematic Reviews in the Social Sciences: a Practical Guide. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470754887"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.15","unstructured":"Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre). Quality and relevance appraisal. London: EPPI-Centre, 2010. http:\/\/eppi.ioe.ac.uk (accessed 19 Oct 2009)."},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.16","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Methodology checklist 3: cohort studies. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, 2004. http:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk (accessed 31 Jan 2009)."},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.038752"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000216010.43296.42"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.75.3.152","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence and sexual behaviour among female adolescents in Belgium","volume":"75","author":"Vuylsteke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-2-200707170-00007"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06886-6"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000162364.65643.08"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38413.663137.8F"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.24","unstructured":"Stovel K Kreager D Moreno M . The social dimensions of adolescent sexuality. In: Holmes KK Sparling PF Stamm WE , eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 4th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008."},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31821597ca","article-title":"Will chlamydia screening reach young people in deprived areas in England? Baseline analysis of the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme delivery in 2008","volume":"38","author":"Sheringham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.26","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. Labour Market Statistics 36. Newport: Office for National Statistics, 2010. http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.uk (accessed 31 Dec 2010)."},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/118.3.240","article-title":"Monitoring socioeconomic inequalities in sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, and violence: geocoding and choice of area-based socioeconomic measures\u2014the public health disparities geocoding project (US)","volume":"118","author":"Krieger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31815c1edb"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31818653b0"},{"key":"2024051320521478000_89.2.175.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egger M Davey Smith G Schneider M . Systematic reviews of observational studies. In: Egger M Davey Smith G Altman D , eds. Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta-analysis in Context. 2nd edn. London: BMJ Publishing Group, 2001:209\u201383.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470693926"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050223","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T04:14:56Z","timestamp":1715660096000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050223","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,11]]}}}