{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:35:58Z","timestamp":1789230958365,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Targeting most at-risk populations is an essential component of HIV prevention strategies. Peer education programmes have been found to increase HIV knowledge, condom use and safer sex behaviours among female sex workers in Africa and men who have sex with men elsewhere. The authors aimed to evaluate the impact of a peer-driven intervention on male sex workers who sell sex to men in Mombasa, Kenya.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using time-venue sampling, a baseline survey of 425 male sex workers was conducted in late 2006, after which, 40 peer educators were trained in HIV prevention, basic counselling skills and distribution of condoms and lubricants. A follow-up time-venue survey of 442 male sex workers was conducted in early 2008, and pre- and post-intervention changes were examined. The impact of peer educator exposure on HIV knowledge and condom use was analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Positive changes in HIV prevention behaviours were observed, including increases in consistent use of condoms with both male clients (35.9%\u201350.2%, p&lt;0.001) and non-paying male partners (27.4%\u201339.5%, p=0.008). Exposure to peer educators (AOR=1.97, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.02) and ever having been counselled or tested for HIV (AOR=1.71, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.66) were associated with consistent condom use in multivariate analysis. Peer educator contact was also associated with improved HIV knowledge and use of water-based lubricants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peer outreach programming reached highly stigmatised male sex workers in Mombasa, resulting in significant, but limited, improvements in HIV knowledge and prevention behaviours. Improved peer coverage and additional prevention initiatives are needed to sufficiently mitigate HIV transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,14]],"date-time":"2012-02-14T01:54:45Z","timestamp":1329184485000},"page":"357-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The impact of peer outreach on HIV knowledge and prevention behaviours of male sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Scott","family":"Geibel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nzioki","family":"King'ola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen","family":"Temmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Luchters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxq011"},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.2","unstructured":"Karlyn A Adebajo S Nwachukwo E . Male sex work in Nigeria: a population-based estimate of a hidden and vulnerable population. XVIII International AIDS Conference. 21 July 2010, Vienna. (Abstract WEPE0339)."},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.3","unstructured":"Kellerman SE Fipaza Z Bagnol B . A population-based estimate of the number of MSM sex workers in inner-city Johannesburg, South Africa: implications for HIV prevention. 5th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. 22 July 2009, Cape Town (Abstract LBPEC09)."},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328017f843"},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491012500222","article-title":"HIV vulnerability of men who have sex with men in developing countries: Horizons studies, 2001-2008","volume":"125","author":"Geibel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.6","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Sex Work and HIV\/AIDS; UNAIDS Technical Update. 2002. http:\/\/data.unaids.org\/publications\/IRC-pub02\/jc705-sexwork-tu_en.pdf (accessed Dec 2011)."},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.7","unstructured":"The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Technical Guidance on Combination HIV Prevention. 2011. http:\/\/www.pepfar.gov\/documents\/organization\/164010.pdf (accessed Dec 2011)."},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67732-X"},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.Supplement_2.S240"},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-143"},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.77.6.427"},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.12","first-page":"970","article-title":"[Intervention trial on HIV\/AIDS among men who have sex with men based on venues and peer network]","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/1544272031437665"},{"key":"2024051320522156000_88.5.357.14","unstructured":"Esu-Williams E Hawken M . Identifying the sexual health needs of male sex workers in Kenya. Abstracts of the 13th International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa (ICASA). September 2003, Nairobi. 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