{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T03:46:45Z","timestamp":1765079205538},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chlamydia is the most commonly notified sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Australia. Incidence studies of chlamydia in men who have sex with men (MSM) are rare and offer important public health information.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine chlamydia incidence in MSM presenting at high caseload clinics and describe predictors of infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Victorian Primary Care Network for Sentinel Surveillance of bloodborne viruses and STIs (VPCNSS) links testing, demographic and behavioural data from individual testers at participating clinics. Data from MSM with more than one chlamydia test at the VPCNSS site between April 2006 and June 2010 were included. Chlamydia incidence per 100 person-years (PY) was calculated and Cox regression used to examine predictors of incidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>1206 positive tests for chlamydia were detected among 6333 MSM across 11\u2008409 PY of follow-up. Overall chlamydia incidence was 10.6\/100 PY (95% CI 10.0 to 11.2) and was highest among MSM aged 16\u201329\u2005years (12.9\/100 PY, 95% CI 11.7 to 14.1), presenting with STI symptoms (16.0\/100 PY, 95% CI 14.2 to 18.0), HIV positive (18.5\/100 PY, 95% CI 16.6 to 20.6) and self-identified sex workers (14.3\/100 PY, 95% CI 10.0 to 20.6). Significant predictors of chlamydia infection among MSM were younger age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.3), self-identifying as a sex worker (aHR=1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.6), being HIV positive (aHR=2.6, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.8), presenting with STI symptoms (aHR=1.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.1) and reporting &gt;10 sex partners in the past 6\u2005months (aHR=2.5 95% CI 1.4 to 4.6).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results show that MSM represent a key risk population for chlamydia in Australia and identify a number of high-risk MSM subpopulations for whom clinical and public health interventions are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,19]],"date-time":"2012-02-19T01:24:43Z","timestamp":1329614683000},"page":"319-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Incidence and risk factors associated with chlamydia in men who have sex with men: a cohort analysis of Victorian Primary Care Network for Sentinel Surveillance data"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"El-Hayek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher K","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norm","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B K","family":"Tee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret E","family":"Hellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Stoov\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.1","unstructured":"The Kirby Institute. HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmissible Infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report. NSW Australia: The Kirby Institute, 2011."},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.2","unstructured":"Department of Health and Ageing. National Notifiable diseases Surveillance System. Australian Government. 2010. http:\/\/www9.health.gov.au\/cda\/Source\/CDA-index.cfm (accessed 1 Nov 2010)."},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.3","unstructured":"Victorian State Government Communicable Disease Control Public Health Branch Rural & Regional Health and Aged Care Services Division. Chlamydia (Genital Infection). Victorian State Government Department of Health. 2010. http:\/\/www.health.vic.gov.au\/ideas\/bluebook\/chlamydia (accessed 1 Nov 2010)."},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.021915"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181c3ef29"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.6","unstructured":"Department of Health and Ageing. Second National Sexually Transmissible Infections Strategy 2010\u20132013. Australian Government, 2005. http:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/ohp-national-strategies-2010-sti\/$File\/sti.pdf (accessed 1 Nov 2010)."},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.036608"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2010.00494.x"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH05018"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1071\/SH06042","article-title":"Chlamydia testing in general practice\u2014a survey of Victorian general practitioners","volume":"3","author":"Hocking","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Health"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH09110"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.12","unstructured":"Hocking J Temple-Smith M Low N , eds. ACCEPT (Australian Chlamydia Control Effectiveness Pilot): Design of the Pilot Evaluation. Brisbane, QLD, Australia: Australasian Sexual Health Conference. 2009."},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH10082"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH09116"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.15","unstructured":"Cleves M . Analysis of Multiple Failure-Time Survival Data StataCorp. 1999 (updated July 2009). http:\/\/www.stata.com\/support\/faqs\/stat\/stmfail.html (accessed 3 Dec 2009)."},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.16","unstructured":"Walker J Fairley C Bradshaw C , eds. The Incidence of Genital Chlamydia Trachomatis in a Cohort of Young Ausralian Women. Quebec City, Canada: International Society for STD Research, 2011."},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-261"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.032037"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120050042936"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH11019"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.014431"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701203386"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v42n01_02","article-title":"Male sex workers in three Australian cities: socio-demographic and sex work characteristics","volume":"42","author":"Minichiello","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Homosex"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0954012031000134782"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00807.x","article-title":"Sex in Australia: experiences of commercial sex in a representative sample of adults","volume":"27","author":"Rissel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1002748013617"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.019257"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jti122"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000255085.77470.bd","article-title":"Use of illicit drugs among gay men living with HIV in Sydney","volume":"21","author":"Prestage","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-120017657"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AIBE.0000017522.64063.ec"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.32","unstructured":"Prestage G McCann PD Hurley M . Pleasure and Sexual Health: The PASH Study. Sydney Australia: National Centre in HIV Epidemioloy and Clinical Research, 2009: Monograph 2010."},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.33","unstructured":"STIs in Gay Men Action Group. Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Guidelines for Men Who Have Sex With Men. STIs in Gay Men Action Group. 2009. http:\/\/stigma.net.au\/resources\/STIGMA_MSM_Guidelines_RACGP_updated_Feb_09.pdf (accessed Aug 2010)."},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2007.0240"},{"key":"2024051320543070000_88.5.319.35","unstructured":"Sexual Health Society of Victoria. National Management Guidelines for Sexually Transmissible Infections. 2008. http:\/\/mshc.org.au\/healthpro\/Guidelines\/NationalManagementGuidelinesForSTIs\/tabid\/278\/Default.aspx (accessed 21 Mar 2011)."}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050270","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T04:21:48Z","timestamp":1715660508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050270","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,18]]}}}