{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:24:29Z","timestamp":1787243069264,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some studies suggest that HIV infection progresses slowly in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). The authors aimed to determine the relationships between SCD and HIV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>National Hospital Discharge Survey data from adult African\u2013Americans in the period of 1997\u20132009 were analysed. The comorbidities of SCD with HIV infections in hospital discharges were analysed. Multiple logistic regression was used to test the association between SCD and HIV. For comparative purposes, the relationships of SCD with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>423\u2008431 records were divided into two time periods 1997\u20132003 (53% of records) and 2004\u20132009 (47% of records). The frequency of HIV diagnosis was lower in patients with SCD (1.5% vs 3.3% in patients without SCD). In logistic regression, SCD diagnosis was associated with an OR of 0.24 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.32) for HIV diagnosis in the first period and with an OR of 0.31 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.42) in the second period. In contrast, SCD was associated with higher risk of HCV (OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.59 in the first period and OR=2.12, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.63 in the second period). SCD was also associated with a higher risk of HBV (OR=1.15, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.83 in the first period and OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.68 in the second period).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lower risk of HIV comorbidity, but not HCV and HBV, with SCD is consistent with the possibility that SCD has a unique effect in altering the risk of HIV infection or progression. Investigation of how the haemolytic and immunological changes of SCD influence HIV might lead to new therapeutic or preventive approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,25]],"date-time":"2012-05-25T07:03:51Z","timestamp":1337929431000},"page":"528-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Sickle cell disease is associated with decreased HIV but higher HBV and HCV comorbidities in US hospital discharge records: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Nouraie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"Nekhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor R","family":"Gordeuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051321025109000_88.7.528.1","first-page":"689","article-title":"HIV surveillance\u2014United States, 1981\u20132008","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024051321025109000_88.7.528.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21570","article-title":"The number of people with sickle-cell disease in the United States: national and state estimates","volume":"85","author":"Brousseau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"2024051321025109000_88.7.528.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.3.743"},{"key":"2024051321025109000_88.7.528.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199811)59:3<199::AID-AJH4>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"2024051321025109000_88.7.528.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000259953.79654.d0"},{"key":"2024051321025109000_88.7.528.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2010.09.002"},{"key":"2024051321025109000_88.7.528.7","first-page":"145","article-title":"[Infectious markers among blood donors in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)]","volume":"28","author":"Batina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Med Brux"},{"key":"2024051321025109000_88.7.528.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.11.007"},{"key":"2024051321025109000_88.7.528.9","unstructured":"USAID. 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