{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T13:47:59Z","timestamp":1778680079441,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents has limited treatment options for gonorrhoea. The potential emergence of cephalosporin resistance in<jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>and cephalosporin allergy in some patients make it necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of other available antimicrobial agents. Gentamicin is widely available in the USA and is used for gonorrhoea treatment in several countries. We conducted a systematic review of the medical literature to assess the effectiveness of gentamicin for treatment of uncomplicated urogenital gonococcal infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two reviewers assessed relevant articles and independently selected studies that met prespecified selection criteria (including systematic enrolment and assignment to treatment and culture-confirmed diagnosis and outcome). Summary measures for selected studies were pooled using inverse variance-weighted averages with fixed effects. Heterogeneity was assessed using I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, which estimates proportion (0\u2013100%) of variability attributable to heterogeneity between studies. Pooled percentage with negative follow-up culture was compared with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for selection of recommended therapy (lower 95% CI of efficacy \u226595%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty-nine potentially relevant studies were identified; three met inclusion criteria. Two studies used 240\u2005mg intramuscular gentamicin and one used 280\u2005mg. Percentages with negative culture after single-dose treatment were 90.7% (n=86), 91.4% (n=220) and 95.0% (n=40). Pooled percentage with negative culture after single-dose treatment was 91.5% (95% CI 88.1% to 94.0%, I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=0%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gentamicin does not meet current CDC criteria for recommended treatment of gonorrhoea. However, if cephalosporin resistance emerges, gentamicin may be a useful alternative agent. Evaluation of additional regimens, including combination therapy, is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,24]],"date-time":"2012-08-24T00:14:40Z","timestamp":1345767280000},"page":"589-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effectiveness of gentamicin for gonorrhoea treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Deborah","family":"Dowell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Kirkcaldy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051409512825000_88.8.589.1","first-page":"873","article-title":"Cephalosporin susceptibility among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates\u2014United States, 2000\u20132010","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2024051409512825000_88.8.589.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.8.3185-3187.2004"},{"key":"2024051409512825000_88.8.589.3","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. 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Stockholm: ECDC, 2012."},{"key":"2024051409512825000_88.8.589.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19721","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.47.19721-en","article-title":"Two cases of verified clinical failures using internationally recommended first-line cefixime for gonorrhoea treatment, Norway, 2010","volume":"15","author":"Unemo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2024051409512825000_88.8.589.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19833","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.14.19833-en","article-title":"Gonorrhoea treatment failures to cefixime and azithromycin in England, 2010","volume":"16","author":"Ison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"2024051409512825000_88.8.589.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19998","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.43.19998-en","article-title":"First Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with resistance to cefixime causing gonorrhoea treatment failure in Austria, 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