{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:02:51Z","timestamp":1789977771776,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured the prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in young female subjects recruited for a safety and immunogenicity trial of the bivalent HPV-16\/18 vaccine in Tanzania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy HIV negative female subjects aged 10\u201325\u2005years were enrolled and randomised (2:1) to receive HPV-16\/18 vaccine or placebo (Al(OH)<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>control). At enrolment, if sexually active, genital specimens were collected for HPV DNA, other reproductive tract infections and cervical cytology. Subjects were followed to 12\u2005months when HPV testing was repeated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total 334 participants were enrolled; 221 and 113 in vaccine and control arms, respectively. At enrolment, 74% of 142 sexually active subjects had HPV infection of whom 69% had &gt;1 genotype. Prevalent infections were HPV-45 (16%), HPV-53 (14%), HPV-16 (13%) and HPV-58 (13%). Only age was associated with prevalent HPV infection at enrolment. Among 23 girls who reported age at first sex as 1\u2005year younger than their current age, 15 (65.2%) had HPV infection. Of 187 genotype-specific infections at enrolment, 51 (27%) were present at 12\u2005months. Overall, 67% of 97 sexually active participants with results at enrolment and 12\u2005months had a new HPV genotype at follow-up. Among HPV uninfected female subjects at enrolment, the incidence of any HPV infection was 76 per 100 person-years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among young women in Tanzania, HPV is highly prevalent and acquired soon after sexual debut. Early HPV vaccination is highly recommended in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T03:23:22Z","timestamp":1363231402000},"page":"358-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["High prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus in a cohort of healthy young African female subjects"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00481767","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Deborah","family":"Watson-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Baisley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bazil","family":"Kavishe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aura","family":"Andreasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Changalucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Mayaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saidi","family":"Kapiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balthazar","family":"Gumodoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"de Sanjos\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051409552837000_89.5.358.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25516"},{"key":"2024051409552837000_89.5.358.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70158-5"},{"key":"2024051409552837000_89.5.358.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(08)00317-0"},{"key":"2024051409552837000_89.5.358.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657321"},{"key":"2024051409552837000_89.5.358.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis407"},{"key":"2024051409552837000_89.5.358.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salif Sow P Watson-Jones D Kiviat N . 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