{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:57:59Z","timestamp":1765807079699},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection with<jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>has declined dramatically in urban Australia but remains endemic in some predominantly indigenous rural regions. The objective was to determine<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>positivity rates in clinical specimens by PCR detection, from a large community-based private pathology laboratory servicing rural and urban Australian populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of data from 44\u2005464 specimens referred for<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>PCR testing over 8\u2005years from 2004 to 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>44\u2005464 consecutive specimens (37\u2005137 female, 7242 male, 85 sex-unspecified) were analysed:<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>was detected in 633 specimens. The overall community<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>positivity rate was 1.4% (95% CI 1.3% to 1.5%). Overall rates were 2.1-fold higher in women than in men (1.5% vs 0.7%). Positivity rates were highest in the 10\u201314\u2005year age group (p&lt;0.0001). Referrals from urban areas of South-East Queensland accounted for 52% of specimens (23\u2005121): the<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>positivity rate in this urban cohort was 0.7% (95% CI 0.6% to 0.8%). Referrals identified to be from indigenous patients accounted for 48% of positive cases (304\/633), and came from predominantly rural and regional areas of northern Queensland. Where follow-up testing was available 21% of patients (14\/66) remained<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>PCR positive when tested again within 3\u2005months and 25% (26\/101) within 6\u2005months of the initial diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study confirms that<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>is rare in the urban non-indigenous Australian setting. Guidelines need to be developed to allow targeted testing. Follow-up testing 3\u2005months after treatment should be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T08:56:48Z","timestamp":1359709008000},"page":"509-513","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The rarity of<i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>in urban Australia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jeanine M","family":"Bygott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny M","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051410002416000_89.6.509.1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO). Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections\u20142008: overview and estimates. 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