{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:37:36Z","timestamp":1787017056923,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"Suppl 3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide an overview of the current level of development and results from the national HIV surveillance systems of the 23 countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and to assess the quality of HIV surveillance systems in the period 2007\u20132011.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A questionnaire was used to collect the information about the structure, activities and the results of HIV surveillance systems from the National AIDS Programmes. Assessment of the quality was based on four indicators: timeliness of data collection, appropriateness of populations under surveillance, consistency of the surveillance sites and groups measured over time, and coverage of the surveillance system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only in four countries did surveillance systems enable assessment of epidemic trends in the same populations and locations over time, such as in pregnant women (Morocco, Iran), injecting drug users (Iran, Pakistan), female sex workers (Djibouti, Morocco) and male sex workers (Pakistan). There is increasing evidence of HIV infection being firmly established in at least one of the populations most at risk of HIV in nine MENA countries, while lower risk populations show elevated HIV prevalence in South Sudan, Djibouti and some parts of Somalia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The performance of HIV surveillance systems in several of the MENA countries has improved in recent years. The extent of HIV epidemics in the populations most at risk of HIV is still largely unknown in 10 countries. Multiple data sources that most of the countries still lack would enable indirectly estimation not only of the patterns of HIV epidemics but also the effectiveness of HIV responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,23]],"date-time":"2013-02-23T20:39:36Z","timestamp":1361651976000},"page":"iii11-iii16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["HIV surveillance in MENA: recent developments and results"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Ivana","family":"Bozicevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Riedner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus Maria Garcia","family":"Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.1","unstructured":"Global HIV\/AIDS Response. Epidemic update and health sector progress towards Universal Access. Progress Report 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.2","unstructured":"Together we will end AIDS. Geneva: United Nations Joint Programme on HIV\/AIDS, 2012."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.3","unstructured":"Global Report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic. Geneva: UNAIDS, 2010."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.4","unstructured":"UNAIDS\/WHO Working group on global HIV\/AIDS and STI surveillance. Guidelines for second generation HIV surveillance. Geneva: UNAIDS\/WHO, 2000."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.5","unstructured":"Guidelines on surveillance among populations most at risk for HIV. Geneva: World Health Organizaton, 2011."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386729.56683.33","article-title":"Epidemiology of HIV infection in the Middle East and North Africa","volume":"24","author":"Abu-Raddad","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38994.400370.7C"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181aafd3f"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.043653"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-Raddad LJ Akala FA Semini I . Characterising the HIV\/AIDS epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa. Time for strategic action. Washington: World Bank, 2010.","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-8137-3"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200108170-00012"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.030593"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386735.87177.2a","article-title":"HIV prevalence and characteristics of sex work among female sex workers in Hargeisa, Somaliland, Somalia","volume":"24","author":"Kriitmaa","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.14","unstructured":"HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan.. Islamabad: National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Pakistan and Canada Pakistan HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Project; 2007, National report round II, 2006\u201307 ."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.15","unstructured":"HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan. Islamabad: National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Pakistan and Canada Pakistan HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Project; 2011, National report round IV, 2011 ."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.16","unstructured":"Integrated behavioural and biological surveillance in Afghanistan. Kabul: Johns Hopkins School of Public Health HIVSurveillance Project; 2010, Year 1 report ."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.17","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS biological and behavioural surveillance survey. Round two . Cairo: Family Health International and Ministry of Health; 2010, Summary Report ."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.18","unstructured":"Elrashied SM . HIV sero-prevalence and related risky sexual beahviours among insertive men having sex with men in Khartoum state, Sudan, 2007. AIDS 2008\u2014XVII International AIDS Conference: Abstract no. WEPE0750."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.19","unstructured":"Elrashied SM . Prevalence, knowledge and related risky sexual behaviors of HIV\/AIDS among receptive men who have sex with men in Khartoum State, Sudan, 2005. AIDS 2006\u2014XVI International AIDS Conference: Abstract no. TUPE0509."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386733.02425.98","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS among female sex workers, injecting drug users and men who have sex with men in Lebanon: results of the first biobehavioral surveys","volume":"24","author":"Mahfoud","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.21","unstructured":"Johnston L . Report on the integrated behavioural and biological surveillance survey among men who have sex with men in Agadir and Marrakesh. Morocco: 2010\u20132011."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.22","unstructured":"HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan. National report round I, 2005 . Islamabad: National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Pakistan and Canada Pakistan HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Project; 2005."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.23","unstructured":"HIV second generation surveillance in Pakistan. Mapping report round IV, 2011 . Islamabad: National AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Pakistan and Canada Pakistan HIV\/AIDS Surveillance Project; 2011."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.24","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS biological and behavioural surveillance survey. Round one . Cairo: Family Health International and Ministry of Health; 2006, Summary Report ."},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-008-9421-1"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386730.56683.e5"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000172873.82509.5e"},{"key":"2024051410011268000_89.Suppl_3.iii11.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-447"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050849","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T13:01:43Z","timestamp":1715691703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050849","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,23]]}}}