{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:01:08Z","timestamp":1791223268440,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to identify the factors associated with developing AIDS 6\u2005months or more after an HIV diagnosis, and to examine how post-HIV diagnosis AIDS (PHDA) patients differed from true late presenters (HIV diagnosed concurrent with the first AIDS presenting event) in their demographics and comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all inpatients admitted to a large HIV unit presenting with the following AIDS-defining infections: cryptococcal meningitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis or<jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>pneumonia between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>114 HIV-positive patients presented with AIDS-defining infections. Compared with late presenters, PHDA patients had a larger proportion of migrants and visitors (53.7% vs 34.0%, p=0.047), were more likely to inject drugs (9.3% vs 0.0%, p=0.032), had more previous HIV-associated diseases (57.4% vs 12.8%, p=0.000), psychiatric comorbidities (35.2% vs 12.8%, p=0.009), rates of alcohol abuse (24.1% vs 4.3%, p=0.005) and reported social issues (25.9% vs 0.00%, p=0.000). 88.9% of PHDA patients were lost to follow-up for a period of at least 4\u2005months since diagnosis. Common reasons for clinic non-attendance included travel, social issues, transfer of care and treatment avoidance. Common reasons for antiretroviral treatment breaks included drug side effects, negative beliefs about medication, incompatible lifestyles and social issues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with late presenters, PHDA patients demonstrate clear demographical differences including higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, social issues, alcohol and substance abuse. Many PHDA patients default follow-up. The retention of HIV patients in care and on treatment must be addressed by clinicians to prevent avoidable morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,23]],"date-time":"2013-05-23T00:46:24Z","timestamp":1369269984000},"page":"553-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparison of two cohorts of patients presenting with AIDS: patients with previously known HIV diagnoses and true late presenters"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"MJ","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rayment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Scourfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Gazzard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62001-6"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-012-0124-x"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200208160-00012"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2011.00931.x"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-8-22"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004552"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2009.0211"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.8","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency, Health Protection Scotland, National Public Health Service for Wales, CDSC Northern Ireland, CRDHB. Shooting Up: Infections among injecting drug users in the United Kingdom 2008 London: Health Protection Agency, 2009."},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318214b92e","article-title":"Loss to follow-up among adults attending Human Immunodeficiency Virus services in England, Wales and Northern Ireland","volume":"38","author":"Rice","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.10","first-page":"23","article-title":"Following up persons \u2018lost to follow up\u2019: experiences of a medium-sized HIV centre","volume":"13","author":"Evans","year":"2012","journal-title":"HIV medicine: abstracts of the 18th Annual Conference of the British HIV Association BHIVA"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1526"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.106"},{"key":"2024051410053458000_89.7.553.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(01)00219-1"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050966","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T17:06:22Z","timestamp":1715706382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050966"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050966"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050966","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,22]]}}}