{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:02:28Z","timestamp":1773324148845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic>is known to be the most common, curable, sexually transmitted infection among sexually active women and may be associated with the acquisition and transmission of HIV. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the prevalence and incidence of<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>and assess risk factors associated with<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>infection in a cohort of women participating in a clinical trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed data from women participating in a phase III vaginal diaphragm trial conducted in two communities in Durban, South Africa from 2003 to 2006. A total of 3492 women were screened and 1485 women meeting the respective study eligibility criteria were enrolled.<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>infection was determined at the initial screening visit and at quarterly visits among the enrolled women. Sexual behaviour and sociodemographic data were collected as per the study protocol. Combined data were analysed using STATA V.10.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, prevalence of infection was 6.5%. The overall incident rate was estimated to be 8.6\/100 women-years. Prevalent<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>infection was associated with having a concurrent chlamydial infection and incident infections were associated with increased number of sex partners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>infection was found to be relatively high among this cohort of women. Given the association of this infection with HIV, there is an evident need for<jats:italic>T vaginalis<\/jats:italic>screening and treatment in populations at risk for both infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,21]],"date-time":"2013-04-21T00:21:10Z","timestamp":1366503670000},"page":"519-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence and incidence of<i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>infections in women participating in a clinical trial in Durban, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00121459","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Sarita","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Handan","family":"Wand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections, overviews and estimates 2001. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2001."},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.300","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological aspects of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"11","author":"Petrin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2005.00800.x"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.4","first-page":"558","article-title":"Family planning services in developing countries: an opportunity to treat asymptomatic and unrecognized genital tract infections?","volume":"73","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2009.08.007"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/526498"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181cfcc4b"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.8","first-page":"58","article-title":"Treatment of trichomoniasis in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa does not appear to be associated with low birth weight or preterm birth","volume":"100","author":"Stringer","year":"2010","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00002-08"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.10","unstructured":"Singh BN, Lucas JJ, Fichorova RN. Trichomonas vaginalis: Pathobiology and Pathogenesis. Emerging Protozoan Pathogens. London, UK: Taylor & Francis Group, 2007;411\u201355."},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3600604"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.01.003"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2010.08.006"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2008.032011"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/752437","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis infection and associated risk factors in a socially-marginalized female population in coastal Peru","volume":"1155","author":"Leon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181644b9c"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60950-7"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9845-2"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/529149"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.5.669","article-title":"Barrier contraceptives and sexually transmitted diseases in women: A comparison of female-dependent methods and condoms","volume":"82","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000e108","article-title":"Understanding HIV risk behavior from a sociocultural perspective","volume":"3","author":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J AIDS Clinic Res"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129850124352"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.23","first-page":"103","article-title":"Exploring partner communication and patterns of sexual networking: qualitative research to improve management of sexually transmitted diseases","volume":"7","author":"Harrison","year":"1997","journal-title":"Health Transit Rev"},{"key":"2024051410065904000_89.6.519.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-0043-7"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050984","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T17:08:09Z","timestamp":1715706489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,20]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050984","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,20]]}}}