{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T20:16:27Z","timestamp":1770840987505,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"Suppl 3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of HIV and related behavioural risks among Iranian female sex workers (FSW) via the first national biobehavioural surveillance survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2010, 1005 FSW were approached and 872 recruited using facility-based sampling from 21 sites in 14 cities in Iran. We collected dried blood samples and conducted face-to-face interviews using a standardised questionnaire. Data were weighted based on the response rate and adjusted for the clustering effect of the sampling site. Adjustment was performed by weighting based on the sampling fraction of each site using a prior estimate of its total size of the FSW population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of HIV infection (95% CI) was 4.5% (2.4 to 8.3) overall, 4.8% (2.2 to 9.8) among those who had reported a history of drug use and 11.2% (5.4 to 21.5) among those who had a history of injection drug use. The frequencies of condom use in the last sexual act with paying clients and non-paying partners were 57.1% and 36.3%, respectively. Any drug use was reported by 73.8% of participants, and among this subgroup, 20.5% had a history of injection drug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of HIV was considerable among FSW particularly those who had a history of drug injection. A combination of prevention efforts addressing unsafe sex and injection are needed to prevent further transmission of HIV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T08:53:04Z","timestamp":1383555184000},"page":"iii37-iii40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["HIV prevalence and related risk behaviours among female sex workers in Iran: results of the national biobehavioural survey, 2010"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Leily","family":"Sajadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mirzazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soodabeh","family":"Navadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Osooli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Khajehkazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Mehdi","family":"Gouya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noushin","family":"Fahimfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali-Akbar","family":"Haghdoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.1","unstructured":"National HIV\/AIDS committee. Third national strategic plan on HIV\/AIDS draft (2009\u20132013). Islamic Republic of Iran, 2009."},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.2","unstructured":"National AIDS Committee Secretariatn Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Islamic Republic of Iran. AIDS Progress Report on Monitoring of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV and AIDS, March 2012. http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/dataanalysis\/knowyourresponse\/countryprogressreports\/2012countries\/IRIran%20AIDS%20Progress%20Report%202012%20English%20final1_1.pdf"},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.3","unstructured":"AIDS office Ministry of Health. Modelling of new HIV infections based on exposure groups in Iran. Tehran, 2010."},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.4","first-page":"81","article-title":"Modeling of human immunodeficiency virus modes of transmission in Iran","volume":"12","author":"Nasirian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.5","first-page":"471","article-title":"Size estimation of groups at high risk of HIV\/AIDS using Network Scale Up in Kerman, Iran","volume":"3","author":"Shokoohi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.5897\/JAHR11.030","article-title":"Modelling of HIV in Iran up to 2014","volume":"3","author":"Haghdoost","year":"2011","journal-title":"J AIDS HIV Res"},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.7","unstructured":"Family Health International. Behavioral Surveillance Surveys: Guidelines for repeated behavioral surveys in population at risk of HIV. http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/strategic\/en\/bss_fhi2000.pdf"},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abu-raddad L Akala FA Semini I ., Characterizing the HIV\/AIDS epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa: Time for strategic action (Orientations in Development). 1st edn. World Bank Publications, 2010.","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-8137-3"},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazerooni PA Motazedian N Motamedifar M . The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Shiraz, South of Iran: By respondent-driven sampling. Int J STD AIDS Published Online First: 19 Jul 2013. doi:10.1177\/0956462413496227.","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462413496227"},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.10","first-page":"60","article-title":"HIV, HSV2 and Syphilis prevalence in female sex workers in Kerman, South-East Iran; Using respondent-driven sampling","volume":"41","author":"Navadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian J Pub Health"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2)","key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386735.87177.2a","article-title":"HIV prevalence and characteristics of sex work among female sex workers in Hargeisa, Somaliland, Somalia","volume":"24","author":"Kriitmaa","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2)","key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000386733.02425.98","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS among female sex workers, injecting drug users and men who have sex with men in Lebanon: Results of the first biobehavioral surveys","volume":"24","author":"Mahfoud","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2024051410090598000_89.Suppl_3.iii37.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0285-z"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051028","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T17:10:34Z","timestamp":1715706634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051028"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051028"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051028","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}}}