{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:51:14Z","timestamp":1791103874019,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,30]],"date-time":"2014-05-30T03:13:04Z","timestamp":1401419584000},"page":"620-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Prevalence of HIV, HSV-2 and pregnancy among high school students in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a bio-behavioural cross-sectional survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Quarraisha","family":"Abdool Karim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayesha B M","family":"Kharsany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Leask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanelisibonge","family":"Ntombela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilton","family":"Humphries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet A","family":"Frohlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Samsunder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneke","family":"Grobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Dellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim S","family":"Abdool Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-1","volume-title":"South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey 2012","author":"Shisana"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-2","unstructured":"South African Department of Health. The 2010 National Antenatal Sentinal HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey in South Africa. Pretoria, 2011. http:\/\/www.doh.gov.za\/docs\/reports\/2011\/hiv_aids_survey.pdf (accesssed 23 Oct 2013)."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq176","article-title":"Stabilizing HIV prevalence masks high HIV incidence rates amongst rural and urban women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"40","author":"Abdool Karim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-231","article-title":"HIV prevalence among high school students\u2014opportunities for schools-based HIV testing programmes and sexual reproductive health services","volume":"12","author":"Kharsany","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-5","first-page":"194","article-title":"National HIV incidence measures--new insights into the South African epidemic","volume":"97","author":"Rehle","year":"2007","journal-title":"SAMJ"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0209-y","article-title":"HIV incidence in young girls in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa\u2013public health imperative for their inclusion in HIV biomedical intervention trials","volume":"16","author":"Abdool Karim","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.011486","article-title":"Early sexual debut among young men in rural South Africa: heightened vulnerability to sexual risk?","volume":"81","author":"Harrison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a506","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a506","article-title":"Impact of stepping stones on incidence of HIV and HSV-2 and sexual behaviour in rural South Africa: cluster randomised controlled trial","volume":"337","author":"Jewkes","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.251","article-title":"Interventions to reduce sexual risk for human immunodeficiency virus in adolescents: a meta-analysis of trials, 1985\u20132008","volume":"165","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-10","unstructured":"LoveLife. About LoveLife: a national HIV prevention initiative for young people. http:\/\/www.lovelife.org.za\/corporate\/about-lovelife\/ (accesssed 23 Oct 2013)."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-11","unstructured":"South Africa Department of Health. Impact Assessment: Khomanani Campaign 2007\u20132009. http:\/\/issuu.com\/jacanamedia\/docs\/khomanani_impact_assessment (accesssed 23 Oct 2013)."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-12","first-page":"155","article-title":"Implementation of life orientation programmes in the new curriculum in South African schools: perceptions of principals and life orientation teachers","volume":"27","author":"Prinsloo","year":"2007","journal-title":"S Afr J Educ"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-13","unstructured":"South Africa Department of Education. National Curriculum Statement Grades 10\u201312 (General) Life Orientation. http:\/\/www.education.gov.za\/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=xY8RaCOWqTY%3D&. (accesssed 23 Oct 2013)."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61709-1","article-title":"Effect of a cash transfer programme for schooling on prevalence of HIV and herpes simplex type 2 in Malawi: a cluster randomised trial","volume":"379","author":"Baird","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32832c7d10","article-title":"HIV in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"4","author":"Cowan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833e77c9","article-title":"The Regai Dzive Shiri project: results of a randomized trial of an HIV prevention intervention for youth","volume":"24","author":"Cowan","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-17","unstructured":"Statistics South Africa. General Household Survey 2011. https:\/\/www.statssa.gov.za\/publications\/P0318\/P0318April2012.pdf (accessed 4 Apr 2014)."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2007.01.002","article-title":"Practice brief: adolescents and HIV clinical trials: ethics, culture, and context","volume":"18","author":"MacQueen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-19","first-page":"1338","article-title":"Efficiency of reconstitution of immunoglobulin g from blood specimens dried on filter paper and utility in herpes simplex virus type-specific serology screening","volume":"9","author":"Hogrefe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-20","unstructured":"Parliament of South Africa. Children's Act 2005 (act 38 of 2005). http:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/legislation\/acts\/2005\u2013038%20childrensact.pdf (accesssed 23 Oct 2013)."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781584888178","volume-title":"Cluster randomised trials","author":"Hayes","year":"2009"},{"issue":"(Suppl 4)","key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000341773.86500.9d","article-title":"The epidemiology of HIV infection among young people aged 15\u201324\u2005years in southern Africa","volume":"22","author":"Gouws","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn131","article-title":"Keep them in school: the importance of education as a protective factor against HIV infection among young South African women","volume":"37","author":"Pettifor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.053827","article-title":"The association between school attendance, HIV infection and sexual behaviour among young people in rural South Africa","volume":"62","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-25","unstructured":"Panday S, Makiwane M, Ranchod C, et al. Teenage pregnancy in South Africa: with a specific focus on school-going students. Human Sciences Research Council, 2009. http:\/\/www.education.gov.za\/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=uIqj%2BsyyccM%3D& (accesssed 23 Oct 2013)."},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200404150-00001","article-title":"The effects of herpes simplex virus-2 on HIV-1 acquisition and transmission: a review of two overlapping epidemics","volume":"35","author":"Corey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193748","article-title":"Effectiveness and Safety of Tenofovir Gel, an Antiretroviral Microbicide, for the Prevention of HIV Infection in Women","volume":"329","author":"Abdool Karim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-28","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of vaginal microbicide 1% tenofovir gel for prevention of HIV infection in women","author":"Karim"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000183129.16830.06","article-title":"Young people's sexual health in South Africa: HIV prevalence and sexual behaviors from a nationally representative household survey","volume":"19","author":"Pettifor","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T08:54:37Z","timestamp":1601110477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051548","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,29]]}}}