{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:35:39Z","timestamp":1791135339737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,4]],"date-time":"2014-10-04T03:25:29Z","timestamp":1412393129000},"page":"124-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Cervical ectopy: associations with sexually transmitted infections and HIV. A cross-sectional study of high school students in rural South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kleppa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigve D","family":"Holmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Lilleb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5552-1095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eyrun F","family":"Kjetland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svein Gunnar","family":"Gundersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myra","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashini","family":"Moodley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Onsrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.11.009","article-title":"Young age is a risk factor for HIV among female sex workers\u2014an experience from India","volume":"53","author":"Sarkar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0578-x","article-title":"Geographical clustering of high risk sexual behaviors in \u201chot-spots\u201d for HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"18","author":"Ramjee","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12035","article-title":"Genital immunology and HIV susceptibility in young women","volume":"69","author":"Yi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12029","article-title":"Assessing the relationship between cervical ectopy and HIV susceptibility: implications for HIV prevention in women","volume":"69","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200005000-00003","article-title":"Histologic development of cervical ectopy: relationship to reproductive hormones","volume":"27","author":"Jacobson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1086\/319261","article-title":"Cervical ectopy in adolescent girls with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"183","author":"Moscicki a","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1783\/147118906776276440","article-title":"Relationship of cervical ectopy to chlamydia infection in young women","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200007000-00003","article-title":"Relationship of hormonal contraception and cervical ectopy as measured by computerized planimetry to chlamydial infection in adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Jacobson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000137904.56037.70","article-title":"Hormonal contraceptive use, cervical ectopy, and the acquisition of cervical infections","volume":"31","author":"Morrison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.02.002","article-title":"Hormonal contraception and area of cervical ectopy: a longitudinal assessment","volume":"84","author":"Bright","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90279-1","article-title":"Determinants of cervical ectopia and of cervicitis: age, oral contraception, specific cervical infection, smoking, and douching","volume":"173","author":"Critchlow","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.3.588","article-title":"Association of cervical ectopy with heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: results of a study of couples in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"164","author":"Moss","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000216026.67352.f9","article-title":"Nested case-control study of cervical mucosal lesions, ectopy, and incident HIV infection among women in Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"33","author":"Myer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.10.008","article-title":"A review of female genital schistosomiasis","volume":"28","author":"Kjetland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"(1 Pt 1)","key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)80021-X","article-title":"Measuring cervical ectopy: direct visual assessment versus computerized planimetry","volume":"176","author":"Gilmour","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.113125","article-title":"Computerized planimetry versus clinical assessment for the measurement of cervical ectopia","volume":"184","author":"Morrison","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.022376","article-title":"Comparison of a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction with conventional tests for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"83","author":"Pillay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-328","article-title":"Genital herpes evaluation by quantitative TaqMan PCR: correlating single detection and quantity of HSV-2 DNA in cervicovaginal lavage fluids with cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical data","volume":"7","author":"Aumakhan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000210614.45212.0a","article-title":"Association between genital schistosomiasis and HIV in rural Zimbabwean women","volume":"20","author":"Kjetland","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31824aeaaa","article-title":"Permissive and protective factors associated with presence, level, and longitudinal pattern of cervicovaginal HIV shedding","volume":"60","author":"Homans","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.4.774-780.1990","article-title":"Quantitative culture of endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis","volume":"28","author":"Barnes","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32833a8844","article-title":"Contribution of sexually transmitted infections to the sexual transmission of HIV","volume":"5","author":"Ward","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(99)00037-5","article-title":"Cervical ectopy and the transformation zone measured by computerized planimetry in adolescents","volume":"66","author":"Jacobson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90456-0","article-title":"Oral contraceptive use and the risk of chlamydial and gonococcal infections","volume":"160","author":"Louv","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-004-0689-8","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 2 prevalence of epidemic proportions in rural Zimbabwean women: association with other sexually transmitted infections","volume":"272","author":"Kjetland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-26","first-page":"22","article-title":"Unrecognized sexually transmitted infections in rural South African women: a hidden epidemic","volume":"77","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull World Heal Organ"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01483.x","article-title":"A community-based study to examine the effect of a youth HIV prevention intervention on young people aged 15\u201324 in South Africa: results of the baseline survey","volume":"10","author":"Pettifor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2005.283","article-title":"Performance of strand displacement amplification assay in the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"58","author":"Fontana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802008000200014","article-title":"Evidence for benefits from treating cervical ectopy: literature review","volume":"126","author":"Machado Junior","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T12:17:25Z","timestamp":1717417045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051674","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,3]]}}}