{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:42:22Z","timestamp":1790214142762,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T03:23:54Z","timestamp":1453951434000},"page":"251-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Prevalence of reproductive tract infections and the predictive value of girls\u2019 symptom-based reporting: findings from a cross-sectional survey in rural western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Kerubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayla F","family":"Laserson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Newton","family":"Otecko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Collins","family":"Odhiambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Nyothach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin O","family":"Oruko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Vulule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Zeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1018-116X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penelope A","family":"Phillips-Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-1","volume-title":"Report on global sexually transmitted infection surveillance","author":"WHO","year":"2013"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-2","volume-title":"Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections","author":"WHO","year":"2001"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001251","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001251","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis associated with increased risk of female-to-male HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort analysis among African couples","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2012.0187","article-title":"Interaction between lactobacilli, bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria, and HIV Type 1 RNA and DNA Genital shedding in U.S. and Kenyan women","volume":"29","author":"Mitchell","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000075","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis and the risk of trichomonas vaginalis acquisition among HIV-1-negative women","volume":"41","author":"Balkus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1086\/375819","article-title":"Association between acquisition of herpes simplex virus type 2 in women and bacterial vaginosis","volume":"37","author":"Cherpes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1086\/367658","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis is a strong predictor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection","volume":"36","author":"Wiesenfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-10","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis is associated with uterine cervical human papillomavirus infection: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Gillet","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23301","article-title":"Association between the human papillomavirus, bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis and the detection of abnormalities in cervical smears from teenage girls and young women","volume":"43","author":"Caixeta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12035","article-title":"Genital immunology and HIV susceptibility in young women","volume":"69","author":"Yi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6470","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006470","article-title":"HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among individuals aged 13\u201334 years in Rural Western Kenya","volume":"4","author":"Amornkul","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S89","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200108004-00010","article-title":"The epidemiology of trichomoniasis in women in four African cities","volume":"15","author":"Buve","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200108004-00009","article-title":"The epidemiology of gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection and syphilis in four African cities","volume":"15","author":"Buve","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-14","volume-title":"Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections","author":"WHO","year":"2003"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2007.026930","article-title":"Costs and health consequences of chlamydia management strategies among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"83","author":"Romoren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0130777","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130777","article-title":"Menstrual Hygiene Practices, WASH Access and the Risk of Urogenital Infection in Women from Odisha, India","volume":"10","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.3390\/w6051453","article-title":"Water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in Kenyan rural schools: are schools meeting the needs of menstruating girls?","volume":"6","author":"Alexander","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.79.3.251","article-title":"The reliability of a structured examination protocol and self administered vaginal swabs: a pilot study of gynaecological outpatients in Goa, India","volume":"79","author":"Tanksale","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300042","article-title":"Supporting adolescent orphan girls to stay in school as HIV risk prevention: evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Zimbabwe","volume":"101","author":"Hallfors","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.053827","article-title":"The association between school attendance, HIV infection and sexual behaviour among young people in rural South Africa","volume":"62","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.5031","article-title":"Menstrual needs and associations with sexual and reproductive risks in rural Kenyan females: a cross-sectional behavioural survey linked with HIV prevalence","volume":"24","author":"Phillips-Howard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-22","first-page":"ii43","article-title":"Consistency in the reporting of sexual behaviour by adolescent girls in Kenya: a comparison of interviewing methods","volume":"80","author":"Hewett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01254.x","article-title":"Asking semi-literate adolescents about sexual behaviour: the validity of assisted self-completion questionnaire (ASCQ) data in rural Tanzania","volume":"9","author":"Plummer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis298","article-title":"Symptomatic vaginal discharge is a poor predictor of sexually transmitted infections and genital tract inflammation in high-risk women in South Africa","volume":"206","author":"Mlisana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.031922","article-title":"Trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: inadequately managed with the syndromic approach","volume":"85","author":"Romoren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109670","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109670","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of bacterial vaginosis in different sub-populations of women in sub-Saharan Africa: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Jespers","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-27","article-title":"Chlamydia and gonorrhoea in pregnant Batswana women: time to discard the syndromic approach?","volume":"7","author":"Romoren","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0825-z","article-title":"The significance of Lactobacillus crispatus and L. vaginalis for vaginal health and the negative effect of recent sex: a cross-sectional descriptive study across groups of African women","volume":"15","author":"Jespers","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91380-7","article-title":"Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: randomised controlled trial","volume":"346","author":"Grosskurth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyl099","article-title":"Are schools a good setting for adolescent sexual health promotion in rural Africa? A qualitative assessment from Tanzania","volume":"22","author":"Plummer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T09:03:26Z","timestamp":1601111006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052371","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]]}}}