{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:17:30Z","timestamp":1773278250986,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Highly sensitive, commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) for <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> have only recently been recommended for use in the UK. While testing for <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> is routine in symptomatic women attending genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, it is rare in asymptomatic women or those attending primary care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the positivity of <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> using a commercial NAAT, in symptomatic and asymptomatic women undergoing testing for chlamydia and gonorrhoea in GUM and primary care settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Samples from 9186 women undergoing chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing in South West England between May 2013 and Jan 2015 were also tested for <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> by NAAT alongside existing tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> positivity using NAAT was as follows: in GUM 4.5% (24\/530, symptomatic) and 1.7% (27\/1584, asymptomatic); in primary care 2.7% (94\/3499, symptomatic) and 1.2% (41\/3573, asymptomatic). Multivariable regression found that in GUM older age, black ethnicity and deprivation were independent risk factors for <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> infection. Older age and deprivation were also risk factors in primary care. Testing women presenting with symptoms in GUM and primary care using TV NAATs is estimated to cost \u00a3260 per positive case diagnosed compared with \u00a3716 using current microbiological tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aptima TV outperforms existing testing methods used to identify <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> infection in this population. An NAAT should be used when testing for <jats:italic>T. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> in women who present for testing with symptoms in primary care and GUM, based on test performance and cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,11]],"date-time":"2017-08-11T00:50:20Z","timestamp":1502412620000},"page":"93-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cross-sectional study to evaluate <i>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i> positivity in women tested for <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i> and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>, attending genitourinary medicine and primary care clinics in Bristol, South West England"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Jane E","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8152-6017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katy M E","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret T","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Gough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Macleod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick J","family":"Horner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050723325082000_94.2.93.1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 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