{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:16:54Z","timestamp":1770995814683,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province"},{"name":"Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education Planning Fund of China"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The epidemic of HIV-1 CRF01_AE has become a major public health issue in China. This study aimed to characterise the transmission patterns of genetic networks for CRF01_AE nationwide and elucidate possible opportunities for prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We isolated and conducted genetic transmission network analysis of all available CRF01_AE <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic> sequences (n=4704) from China in the Los Alamos HIV sequence database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1391 (29.6%) sequences were identified as belonging to 400 separate networks. Of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the networks, 93.8% were linked to other MSM and only 2.4% were linked to heterosexual women. However, 11.8% heterosexual women in the networks were linked to MSM. Lineages composed mainly of MSM had higher transmission than those that were mostly heterosexuals. Of the 1391 individuals in networks, 513 (36.9%) were linked to cases diagnosed in different provinces. The proportion of individuals involved in inter-province links was interrelated with the number of migrant people (Spearman\u2019s <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>=0.738, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcome of this study could help improve our ability to understand HIV transmission among various regions and risk groups in China, and highlighted the importance of targeting MSM and migrants by prevention and intervention efforts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-053085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:50:27Z","timestamp":1502153427000},"page":"111-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Genetic transmission networks reveal the transmission patterns of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Xiaoshan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kexin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feiran","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pingmin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.1","first-page":"1164","article-title":"[Distribution of HIV-1 genotypes in China: a systematic review]","volume":"35","author":"Su","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2016.0029"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000125","article-title":"CRF01_AE subtype is associated with X4 tropism and fast HIV progression in Chinese patients infected through sexual transmission","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X , Xue Y , Zhou L , et al . Evidence that HIV-1 CRF01_AE is associated with low CD4+T cell count and CXCR4 co-receptor usage in recently infected young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shanghai, China. PLoS One 2014;9:e89462.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0089462","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089462"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X , Zhu K , Li W , et al . Coreceptor usage of Chinese HIV-1 and impact of X4\/DM transmission clusters among recently infected men who have sex with men. Medicine 2016;95:e5017.doi:10.1097\/MD.0000000000005017","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005017"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.05.042","article-title":"Integrating molecular epidemiology and social network analysis to study infectious diseases: towards a socio-molecular era for public health","volume":"46","author":"Vasylyeva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001184","article-title":"Connecting the dots: network data and models in HIV epidemiology","volume":"30","author":"Delva","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000809"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34729","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34729","article-title":"Evolutionary Dynamics and Complicated Genetic Transmission Network patterns of HIV-1 CRF01_AE among MSM in Shanghai, China","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragonnet-Cronin M , Hodcroft E , Hu\u00e9 S , et al . Automated analysis of phylogenetic clusters. BMC Bioinformatics 2013;14:317.doi:10.1186\/1471-2105-14-317","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-317"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v024.i02","article-title":"Network: A Package for Managing Relational Data in R","volume":"24","author":"Butts","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Price MN , Dehal PS , Arkin AP , et al . FastTree 2\u2013approximately maximum-likelihood trees for large alignments. PLoS One 2010;5:e9490.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009490"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn083"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328360db2d"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2015.0212","article-title":"The Epidemic Dynamics of four Major lineages of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Strains After Their Introduction into China","volume":"32","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28703","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28703","article-title":"The dynamics of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 2005 to 2012 in Shenzhen, China","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050230"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chow EP , Wilson DP , Zhang L , et al . HIV and syphilis co-infection increasing among men who have sex with men in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2011;6:e22768.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0022768","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022768"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000383"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoenigl M , Chaillon A , Kessler HH , et al . Characterization of HIV Transmission in South-East Austria. PLoS One 2016;11:e0151478.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0151478","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151478"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.21","first-page":"209","article-title":"Likely female-to-female sexual transmission of HIV\u2013Texas, 2012","volume":"63","author":"Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04153"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen L , Jha P , Stirling B , et al . Sexual risk factors for HIV infection in early and advanced HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic overview of 68 epidemiological studies. PLoS One 2007;2:e1001.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0001001","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001001"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarrabi N , Prosperi M , Belleman RG , et al . Combining epidemiological and genetic networks signifies the importance of early treatment in HIV-1 transmission. PLoS One 2012;7:e46156.doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0046156","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046156"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metzger VT , Lloyd-Smith JO , Weinberger LS , et al . Autonomous targeting of infectious superspreaders using engineered transmissible therapies. PLoS Comput Biol 2011;7:e1002015.doi:10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002015","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002015"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.26","first-page":"343","article-title":"Estimation and projection of the HIV epidemic trend among the migrant population in China","volume":"24","author":"Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318281134f"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-490"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2007.19.5.396"},{"key":"2020050723325080000_94.2.111.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-69"}],"container-title":["Sexually Transmitted Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2016-053085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T10:14:43Z","timestamp":1601115283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sti.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/sextrans-2016-053085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/sextrans-2016-053085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2016-053085","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-4973","1472-3263"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-4973","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-3263","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]]}}}