{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:41:00Z","timestamp":1781642460265,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Syphilis and HIV epidemics overlap, yet little is known about combined network and behavioural factors that drive syphilis-HIV coinfection. Our study objective was to assess network contexts and sexual behaviours associated with syphilis-HIV co-infection and monoinfection among a particularly vulnerable subgroup: young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). To achieve this objective, we examined factors associated with coinfection by each subgroup as classified by syphilis-HIV infection status: (A) HIV monoinfected, (B) syphilis monoinfected and (C) neither syphilis infected nor HIV infected. In addition, we further identified the factors that are associated with HIV infection or syphilis monoinfection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected from a sample of 365 YBMSM, aged 16\u201329 years, recruited through respondent-driven sampling between 2014 and 2016, in two cities with large HIV epidemics: Houston, TX, and Chicago, IL. We conducted a series of multinomial logistic regression models to predict coinfection, HIV monoinfection and syphilis monoinfection as a function of network and sexual behavioural factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coinfection was associated with having network members who are coinfected or HIV infected within one\u2019s <jats:italic>social<\/jats:italic> network. Syphilis monoinfection was associated with a higher number of social venues attended, and HIV monoinfection was associated with having more condomless top partners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public health interventions that address the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis infection and ensure that those with syphilis are being tested for HIV may be promising in limiting the synergy of syphilis-HIV infections in onward transmission. Advancing HIV and syphilis prevention efforts in high-prevalence networks may allow prioritisation of limited resources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T17:21:37Z","timestamp":1518196897000},"page":"365-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Social networks as drivers of syphilis and HIV infection among young men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Kayo","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlene A","family":"Flash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M","family":"Kuhns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Yeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.1","first-page":"402","article-title":"Primary and secondary syphilis-United States, 2005-2013","volume":"63","author":"Patton","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-3-201108020-00004"},{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC fact sheet: Reported STDs in the United States 2014 National data for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, STD, and TB Prevention 2015 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/stats14\/std-trends-508.pdf (accessed 28 Nov 2017)."},{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31815e4011"},{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/513427"},{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000730","article-title":"Viral loads among hiv-infected persons diagnosed with primary and secondary syphilis in 4 US cities: New York City, Philadelphia, PA, Washington, DC, and Phoenix, AZ","volume":"70","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Syphilis & MSM (men who have sex with men)\u2014CDC fact sheet, National Center for HIV\/AIDS, STD, and TB Prevention. 2017 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/syphilis\/syphilismsm-2017-press.pdf (accessed 28 Nov 2017)."},{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000423"},{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318230e1ca"},{"key":"2020050723332707000_94.5.365.10","first-page":"99","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 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