{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:39:04Z","timestamp":1787017144428,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sex Transm Infect"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is no estimate of the current number of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Switzerland, or of their geographical distribution. We aimed to (1) estimate MSM concentration factors and population sizes for 83 Swiss postal code areas (PCA), including the nine largest Swiss cities, and (2) calculate MSM-specific local HIV prevalence and yearly rates of diagnosed HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis and gonorrhoea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We triangulated data from general population estimates, MSM online surveys, published data on HIV prevalence and Swiss notification data for HIV and STDs. We compared two different formulae for the estimation of local MSM populations and calculated Bayesian 95%-credible-intervals (CrI) for each PCA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across Switzerland, we estimate the MSM population aged 15\u201364 at roughly 80\u2009000 men (95% CrI 64\u2009000\u201396 000). (1) MSM in Switzerland were most concentrated in the five largest cities of Zurich, Geneva, Lausanne, Bern and Basel. (2) We estimate that in 2012, 6300 MSM, or 8.0%, were living with HIV, both diagnosed and undiagnosed and 1700 MSM, or 2.2%, had non-suppressed HIV infection. Between 2010 and 2013, average yearly rates of diagnosed HIV, HCV, syphilis and gonorrhoea were 0.3%, 0.02%, 0.4 % and 0.4 %, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combining general population data, MSM online surveys and notification data allows the calculation of realistic estimates of local MSM populations and thus proportions of MSM with diagnosed HIV and other STIs, with implications for prevention planning, commissioning of health services and counselling MSM on HIV\/STI risk. Our methodology for Switzerland is transferable to other countries with similar data sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T06:33:34Z","timestamp":1548398014000},"page":"285-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Denominator problem: estimating the size of local populations of men-who-have-sex-with-men and rates of HIV and other STIs in Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6910-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel Jeremias","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekkehardt","family":"Altpeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092304500970000_95.4.285.1","unstructured":"Jeannin A , Meystre-Agustoni G , Lociciro S . Syst\u00e8me de suivi de la strat\u00e9gie de lutte contre le VIH\/sida en Suisse : rapport de synth\u00e8se 2004-2008 [Monitoring system for the HIV\/AIDS strategy in Switzerland. synthesis report 2004-2008]. Lausanne: Institut universitaire de m\u00e9decine sociale et pr\u00e9ventive (IUMSP). 2010. Available: https:\/\/serval.unil.ch\/resource\/serval:BIB_F8240BA3DE56.P001\/REF"},{"key":"2024092304500970000_95.4.285.2","unstructured":"Lociciro S , Simonson T , Samitca S , et al . Syst\u00e8me de surveillance du VIH et des IST de deuxi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en Suisse. Rapport de synth\u00e8se 2012-2016 [Second-generation HIV and STI surveillance system in Switzerland. Synthesis report 2012-2016]. Lausanne: institut universitaire de m\u00e9decine sociale et pr\u00e9ventive (IUMSP). 2016. 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